THE CHEMISTRY OF POLLUTION
CONTENTS CHAPTER BIOMASS FOR WATER TREATMENT: BIOSORBENT, COAGULANTS AND FLOCCULANTS INTRODUCTION BIOSORPTION BY BIOMASS BIOSORPTION BY DI?ERENT TYPES OF BIOMASS CHARACTERISATION OF BIOSORBENTS SURFACE MECHANISM OF BIOSORPTION FACTORS A?ECTING BIOSORPTION BIOSORPTION OF POLLUTANTS BIOMASS-BASED FLOCCULANTS AND COAGULANTS TERRESTRIAL PLANT BASED BIO?OCCULANTS BIO?OCCULANTS FROM MARINE BIOMASS BIO?OCCULANTS FROM MICROORGANISMS CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES CHAPTER ACTIVATED CARBON FROM BIOMASS FOR WATER TREATMENT ACTIVATED CARBON PREPARATION PHYSICAL ACTIVATION CHEMICAL ACTIVATION MICROWAVE HEATING HYDROTHERMAL TREATMENT ACTIVATED CARBON CHARACTERISATION SURFACE CHEMISTRY OF ACTIVATED CARBONS TEXTURAL CHARACTERISATION OF ACTIVATED CARBONS ADSORPTION OF POLLUTANTS BY ACTIVATED CARBONS FROM VARIOUS BIOMASS LIQUID PHASE ADSORPTION STUDIES ADSORPTION OF POLLUTANTS BY BIOMASS-BASED ACTIVATED CARBONS PLANTS FOR SOIL REMEDIATION PHYTOEXTRACTION CONTAMINANT HYPERACCUMULATION AND ENHANCED PHYTOEXTRACTION HYPERACCUMULATING PLANTS (HYPERACCUMULATORS) PHYTOSTABILISATION RHIZODEGRADATION RHIZOSPHERE BIODEGRADATION BENE?TS AND IMPEDIMENTS OF RHIZODEGRADATION CONTAMINANTS AND APPLICABLE PLANTS PHYTODEGRADATION PLANT UPTAKE AND METABOLISM CONCERNED CONTAMINANTS AND APPLICABLE PLANTS PHYTOVOLATILISATION VEGETATIVE COVER SYSTEMS CONVENTIONAL CAPPING AND EVAPOTRANSPIRATION COVER SYSTEMS FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED ADVANTAGES AND CONSTRAINTS OF PHYTOREMEDIATION FUTURE OUTLOOK MICROORGANISMS FOR SOIL TREATMENT BACTERIAL BIOREMEDIATION HEAVY METALS, METALLOIDS AND RADIONUCLIDES ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FUNGAL BIOREMEDIATION POLLUTANT DEGRADATION BY FUNGI AND APPLICATION FOR BIOREMEDIATION OTHER EXAMPLES OF FUNGI APPLICATION FOR BIOREMEDIATION BIOSURFACTANTS FOR SOIL BIOREMEDIATION CLASSES AND ORIGIN OF BIOSURFACTANTS MECHANISM OF ACTION OF BIOSURFACTANTS REMOVAL OF HYDROCARBON AND OIL BY BIOSURFACTANTS REMOVAL OF PAHS BY BIOSURFACTANTS REMOVAL OF CHLORINATED COMPOUNDS AND PESTICIDES BY BIOSURFACTANTS REMOVAL OF METALS FIELD STUDIES PERSPECTIVES ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS BIOLOGICAL WASTE GAS TREATMENTS GENERAL APPROACHES TO BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF WASTE GASES BIO?LTERS PROCESS DESCRIPTION AND MECHANISM OPERATING CONDITIONS AND PERFORMANCE MODELLING A BIO?LTER BIOTRICKLING FILTERS MODELLING A BIOTRICKLING FILTER BIOSCRUBBERS MODELLING A BIOSCRUBBER CONCLUSIONS AND TRENDS BACTERIA FOR BIOENERGY: A SUSTAINABLE APPROACH TOWARDS RENEWABILITY BIOENERGY GENERATION THROUGH MICROBIAL FERMENTATION NUTRITIONAL MODE CARBON FLOW BIOENERGY BIOHYDROGEN (H2) BIOMETHANE (CH4) BIOELECTRICITY PRODUCTION IN A MICROBIAL FUEL CELL BIODEGRADABLE PLASTICS MICROBIAL LIPIDS BIOETHANOL BIOBUTANOL PLANTAE AND MARINE BIOMASS FOR BIOFUELS BIOETHANOL FROM LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS BIOETHANOL FROM ALGAE AND SEAGRASSES BIODIESEL GENERAL ASPECTS BIODIESEL PROPERTIES BIODIESEL SOURCES OF PRODUCTION PRODUCTION PROCESS ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS BIOMETHANE FROM BIOGAS TO BIOMETHANE PLANTAE AND MARINE RESOURCES FOR BIOMETHANE PRODUCTION HYDROGEN PRODUCTION FROM BIOMASS DERIVATIVES OVER HETEROGENEOUS PHOTOCATALYSTS HYDROGEN PRODUCTION METHODS FROM BIOMASS OTHER THAN PHOTOCATALYSIS THERMAL GASI?CATION OF BIOMASS FERMENTATION OF BIOMASS STEAM REFORMING OF METHANE PHOTOCATALYTIC HYDROGEN PRODUCTION FROM WATER AND BIOMASS DERIVATIVES THERMODYNAMIC AND ELECTROCHEMICAL PERSPECTIVES PHOTOCATALYST PHOTOCATALYTIC STEAM REFORMING OF METHANE CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK NANOPOROUS CARBONS FOR HIGH ENERGY DENSITY SUPERCAPACITORS BASICS CONCERNING EDLCS TOWARD HIGHER ENERGY DENSITY ACTIVE MATERIAL ACTIVATED CARBONS ACTIVATED CARBON FIBRES TEMPLATED POROUS CARBONS CARBON AEROGELS AND XEROGELS CARBON NANOTUBES ONION-LIKE CARBONS CARBON OBTAINED FROM BIOMASS CARBIDE-DERIVED CARBONS ISSUE OF SURFACE AREA IN?UENCE OF PORE DIAMETER APPLICATION: BULKY CDC LAYERS AND MICRO SUPERCAPACITORS CHARGE STORAGE MECHANISM STUDY ELECTROCHEMICAL QUARTZ CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE (EQCM) NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE (NMR) MOLECULAR DYNAMIC SIMULATIONS