PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY IN SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS

By STEVEN WILLIAMS

Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Chapter 2 The First Law: Energy Is Conserved 13 Chapter 3 The Second Law: The Entropy of the Universe Increases 55 Chapter 4 Free Energy and Chemical Equilibria 101 Chapter 5 The Statistical Foundations of Biophysical Chemistry 151 Chapter 6 Physical Equilibria 196 Chapter 7 Electrochemistry 238 Chapter 8 The Motions of Biological Molecules 264 Chapter 9 Kinetics: Rates of Chemical Reactions 305 Chapter 10 Enzyme Kinetics 378 Chapter 11 Molecular Structures and Interactions: Theory 408 Chapter 12 Molecular Structures and Interactions: Biomolecules 453 Chapter 13 Optical Spectroscopy 489 Chapter 14 Magnetic Resonance 539 Chapter 15 Macromolecular Structure and X-Ray Diffraction 574