SELECT METHODS IN QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS CHIEFLY INORGANIC
CONTENTS 1 EXPERIMENTAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY: A HISTORY OF DAZZLING COLOR! EARLY DEVELOPMENTS IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY COMPLEX IONS ON THE NATURE OF THE COORDINATE BOND—BONDING MODELS VALENCE BOND THEORY CRYSTAL FIELD THEORY MOLECULAR ORBITAL THEORY AND LIGAND FIELD THEORY ORIGIN OF COLOR IN TRANSITION METAL COORDINATION COMPLEXES COORDINATION COMPLEX REACTIVITY SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS ELECTRON TRANSFER REACTIONS APPLICATIONS OF COORDINATION COMPLEXES ASPECTS OF INORGANIC SYNTHESIS—GOVERNING FACTORS SYNTHESIS: AN INTERPLAY BETWEEN THERMODYNAMICS AND KINETICS ACID–BASE CHEMISTRY (HARD–SOFT–ACID–BASE THEORY) STOICHIOMETRY THE ART OF PRECIPITATION: PROPERTIES OF PRECIPITATES REFERENCES 2 LEVELS 1–2 WERNER’S NOTION—CREATING THE FIELD: SYNTHESIS AND ANALYSIS OF COBALT AMMINE COORDINATION COMPOUNDS PROJECT OVERVIEW EXPERIMENT 2 1: EXPLORING THE WERNER–JØRGENSEN DEBATE ON METAL COMPLEX STRUCTURE LEVEL JØRGENSEN’S CHAIN THEORY WERNER’S COORDINATION THEORY TESTING THE THEORIES WERNER’S TRIUMPH! EXPERIMENT 2 2: SYNTHESIS OF A COBALT AMMINE COORDINATION COMPOUND PRE-LAB QUESTIONS PROCEDURE 2 2 A: SYNTHESIS OF COBALT COMPLEX I PROCEDURE 2 2 B: SYNTHESIS OF COBALT COMPLEX II PROCEDURE 2 2 C: SYNTHESIS OF COBALT COMPLEX III POST-LAB QUESTIONS EXPERIMENT 2 3: ANALYSIS OF COBALT COORDINATION COMPOUNDS I: SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF COBALT PRE-LAB 2 3 B: WEIGHING BY DIFFERENCE PRE-LAB 2 3 C: VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPY OF THE HEXAAQUACOBALT(II) ION PROCEDURE 2 3 A: PREPARATION OF CO2Þ(AQ) STANDARD SOLUTIONS PROCEDURE 2 3 B: PREPARATION OF THE COBALT COORDINATION COMPOUND SAMPLE SOLUTION—DECOMPOSITION AND REDUCTION OF COBALT(III) TO COBALT(II) PROCEDURE 2 3 C: MEASUREMENT OF THE VISIBLE SPECTRUM OF THE AQUATED CO(II) ION: [CO(H2O)6]2Þ PROCEDURE 2 3 D: PREPARATION OF BEER’S LAW CALIBRATION PLOT AND SAMPLE ANALYSIS EXPERIMENT 2 4: ANALYSIS OF COBALT COORDINATION COMPOUNDS II—ACID–BASE TITRIMETRIC DETERMINATION OF AMMONIA PRE-LAB 2 4 A: ACID–BASE TITRATIONS OF SOLUTIONS CONTAINING TWO ACIDS EXPERIMENT 2 5: ANALYSIS OF COBALT COORDINATION COMPOUNDS III: POTENTIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF IONIC HALIDE (CHLORIDE/BROMIDE) EXPERIMENT 2 6: ANALYSIS OF COBALT COORDINATION COMPOUNDS IV—DETERMINATION OF EQUIVALENT WEIGHT BY ION EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY PROCEDURE 2 6: PREPARATION OF THE CATION EXCHANGE COLUMN POST-LAB QUESTION EXPERIMENT 2 7: CON?RMING YOUR ANALYSIS—VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPY OF COBALT AMMINE COMPLEXES CONTENTS 3 LEVELS 3 AND 4 MOLECULAR GEOMETRY AND STABILITY: SOLID AND SOLUTION PHASE ANALYSIS OF N,N¢-DISALICYLALDEHYDE- 1,3-PROPANEDIIMINE NICKEL(II) EXPERIMENT 3 1: SYNTHESIS OF N,N ¢-DISALICYLALDEHYDE- 1,3-PROPANEDIIMINENICKEL(II), [NI(SALPD)] AND ISOLATION OF THE BROWN AND GREEN PRODUCTS PRE-LAB 3 1 A: SCHIFF BASE LIGANDS: N,N¢-DISALICYLALDEHYDE-1, 3-PROPANEDIIMINE, SALPD PRE-LAB 3 1 B: GEOMETRIES OF NI(II) COORDINATION COMPLEXES PROCEDURE 3 1 A: SYNTHESIS OF N,N¢-DISALICYLALDEHYDE- 1,3-PROPANEDIIMINE PROCEDURE 3 1 B: SYNTHESIS OF N,N¢-DISALICYLALDEHYDE-1,3- PROPANEDIIMINENICKEL(II) PROCEDURE 3 1 C: ISOLATION OF THE BROWN PRODUCT PROCEDURE 3 1 D: ISOLATION OF THE GREEN PRODUCT EXPERIMENT 3 2: MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY MEASUREMENTS OF THE BROWN AND GREEN PRODUCTS OF N,N¢-DISALICYLALDEHYDE-1,3- PROPANEDIIMINENICKEL(II), [NI(SALPD)] PRE-LAB 3 2 A: INTRODUCTION TO MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF RANSITION METAL COMPLEXES EXPERIMENT 3 3: THERMAL ANALYSIS OF THE GREEN AND BROWN PRODUCTS OF N,N 0-DISALICYLALDEHYDE- 1,3-PROPANEDIIMINENICKEL(II) PRE-LAB 3 3: DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY PROCEDURE 3 3: THERMAL ANALYSIS OF GREEN AND BROWN N,N ¢-DISALICYLALDEHYDE-1,3-PROPANEDIIMINENICKEL(II) PRODUCTS EXPERIMENT 3 4: INFRARED ANALYSIS OF THE GREEN AND BROWN PRODUCTS OF N,N¢-DISALICYLALDEHYDE-1,3-PROPANEDIIMINENICKEL(II) PRE-LAB 3 4: INTRODUCTION TO IR SPECTROSCOPY OF TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES FAR-IR SPECTROSCOPY PROCEDURE 3 4: INFRARED ANALYSIS OF THE GREEN AND BROWN FORMS OF N,N ¢-DISALICYLALDEHYDE-1,3-PROPANEDIIMINENICKEL(II) EXPERIMENT 3 5: HARTREE–FOCK CALCULATIONS AND STRUCTURE PREDICTIONS USING SIMPLI?ED BROWN AND GREEN N,N ¢-DISALICYLALDEHYDE-1,3-PROPANEDIIMINENICKEL(II), [NI(SALPD)], COMPLEXES PRE-LAB 3 5: INTRODUCTION TO THE HARTREE–FOCK APPROXIMATION CONTENTS PROCEDURE 3 5: HARTREE–FOCK CALCULATIONS AND STRUCTURE PREDICTIONS USING SIMPLI?ED BROWN AND GREEN N,N¢-DISALICYLALDEHYDE- 1,3-PROPANEDIIMINE NICKEL(II), [NI(SALPD)], COMPLEXES EXPERIMENT 3 6: VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS AND JOB’S METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE BINDING OF PYRIDINE TO N,N¢-DISALICYLALDEHYDE-1,3- PROPANEDIIMINENICKEL(II), [NI(SALPD)] PRE-LAB 3 6 A: BEHAVIOR OF NICKEL(II) COORDINATION COMPLEXES IN SOLUTION PRE-LAB 3 6 B: ELECTRONIC SPECTRA OF METAL COMPLEXES PRE-LAB 3 6 C: JOB’S METHOD PROCEDURE 3 6 A: UV–VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF [NI(SALPD)] PROCEDURE 3 6 B: JOB’S METHOD EXPERIMENT 3 7: DETERMINATION OF THE FORMATION CONSTANT FOR PYRIDINE BINDING TO N,N¢-DISALICYLALDEHYDE-1,3-PROPANEDI IMINENICKEL(II), [NI(SALPD)], USING THE DOUBLE RECIPROCAL (BENESI–HILDEBRAND) METHOD PRE-LAB 3 7 A: METAL COMPLEX FORMATION PRE-LAB 3 7 B: DOUBLE RECIPROCAL (BENESI–HILDEBRAND) METHOD PROCEDURE 3 7: KF DETERMINATION BY VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPY EXPERIMENT 3 8: NMR SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF N,N0-DISALICYLALDEHYDE-1,3-PROPANEDIIMINENICKEL(II), [NI(SALPD)] PRE-LAB 3 8: PARAMAGNETIC NMR SPECTROSCOPY PROCEDURE 3 8: ASSIGNMENT OF 1H NMR SPECTRA WITH AMINO ACIDS EXPERIMENT 4 1: SYNTHESIS OF THE AMMINEPENTACYANOFERRATE(II) COMPLEX, NA3[FE(CN)5(NH3)] 3H2O PRE-LAB 4 1: SUBSTITUTION PROPERTIES OF METAL ION COMPLEXES IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION PROCEDURE 4 1: SYNTHESIS OF SODIUM AMMINEPENTACYANOFERRATE(II), NA3[FE(CN)5(NH3)] 3H2O FROM SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE, NA2[FE(CN)5(NO)] 2H2O CONTENTS PRE-LAB 4 2: METAL AMINO ACID COMPLEXES PROCEDURE 4 2 A: IN SITU PREPARATIONS OF [FE(CN)5(H2O)]32 AND AA SUBSTITUTED PENTACYANOFERRATE(II) IONS, [FE(CN)5(AA)]N2 AND SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ANALYSIS AND SUBSTITUTED AA, [FE(CN)5(AA)]N2 COMPLEXES PRE-LAB 4 3: IR SPECTROSCOPY OF CN2 AND AA LIGANDS PROCEDURE 4 3: PREPARATION AND ISOLATION OF AA SUBSTITUTED PENTACYANO–FERRATE(II) COMPLEXES, [FE(CN)5(AA)]N2 AND INFRARED ANALYSIS 42/32 (1 M KNO3) SYSTEM PROCEDURE 4 4 A: STUDY OF FERRICYANIDE BY CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY USING THE CV-50W PROCEDURE 4 4 B: STUDY OF SUBSTITUTED PENTACYANOFERRATE(II) COMPLEXES BY CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY EXPERIMENT 4 5: SEMI-EMPIRICAL CALCULATIONS IN THE STUDY OF SUBSTITUTED PENTACYANOFERRATE(II) COMPLEXES PRE-LAB 4 5: INTRODUCTION TO THE SEMI-EMPIRICAL METHOD PROCEDURE 4 5: SEMI-EMPIRICAL CALCULATIONS FOR AA LIGANDS EXPERIMENT 4 6: SUBSTITUTION KINETICS I—DETERMINATION OF THE RATE OF FORMATION, KF, FOR THE REACTION BETWEEN [FE(CN)5(H2O)]32 AND AMINO ACIDS PRE-LAB 4 6 A: SUBSTITUTION IN OCTAHEDRAL METAL COMPLEXES PRE-LAB 4 6 B: THE STOPPED-FLOW METHOD PROCEDURE 4 6 A: SOLUTION PREPARATION PROCEDURE 4 6 B: DETERMINATION OF THE FORMATION CONSTANT, KF, FOR THE REACTION INVOLVING [FE(CN)5(H2O)]32 AND AA LIGANDS, M ¼ 0 1 M (LICLO4), 25 8C EXPERIMENT 4 7: SUBSTITUTION KINETICS II—DETERMINATION OF THE ACTIVATION PARAMETERS FOR THE REACTION BETWEEN [FE(CN)5(H2O)]32 AND AMINO ACIDS PRE-LAB 4 7: INDIRECT EVIDENCE FOR MECHANISM TYPE: ACTIVATION PARAMETERS PROCEDURE 4 7 A: SOLUTION PREPARATION PROCEDURE 4 7 B: DETERMINATION OF DH ‡ AND DS ‡ FOR THE REACTION INVOLVING [FE(CN)5(H2O)]32 AND AA LIGANDS, M ¼ 0 1 M (LICLO4) CONTENTS 5 LEVELS 4 AND 5 ELECTRON TRANSFER REACTIONS—STRUCTURE, PROPERTIES AND REACTIVITY OF TRIS(BIDENTATE CHELATE) COBALT(II/III) COMPLEXES EXPERIMENT 5 1: SYNTHESIS OF TRIS(BIDENTATE CHELATE)COBALT(III) COMPLEXES PRE-LAB 5 1: CA[CO(OX)2(EN)]2 4H2O: PH AND CO-PRECIPITATE CONSIDERATIONS PROCEDURE 5 1 A: TRIS(ETHYLENEDIAMINE)COBALT(III) CHLORIDE, [CO(EN)3]CL3 H2O PROCEDURE 5 1 B: BIS(ETHYLENEDIAMINE)(OXALATO)COBALT(III) CHLORIDE MONOHYDRATE, [CO(EN)2(OX)]CL H2O PROCEDURE 5 1 C: D,L-SODIUM BIS(OXALATO)ETHYLENEDIAMINE COBALTATE(III) MONOHYDRATE NA2[CO(OX)2(EN)] H2O PROCEDURE 6 1 D: POTASSIUM TRI(OXALATO)COBALTATE(III), K3[CO(OX)3] 3 5H2O EXPERIMENT 5 2: VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPY OF TRIS(BIDENTATE CHELATE)COBALT(III) COMPLEXES PRE-LAB 5 2: ELECTRONIC SPECTRA OF METAL COMPLEXES—POLYELECTRONIC SYSTEMS PROCEDURE 5 2 1: VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF TRIS(BIDENTATE CHELATE)COBALT(III) COMPLEXES LITERATURE VALUES EXPERIMENT 5 3: INVESTIGATION OF THE ELECTROCHEMISTY OF TRIS(BIDENTATE CHELATE)COBALT(III) COMPLEXES USING CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY PRE-LAB 5 3 A: THERMODYNAMIC STABILITY CONSIDERATIONS PRE-LAB 5 3 B: BUFFER AND PH CONSIDERATIONS PRE-LAB 5 3 C: IONIC STRENGTH CONSIDERATIONS PRE-LAB 5 3 D: OXYGEN SENSITIVITY IN COBALT(II) SYSTEMS PRE-LAB PROCEDURE PROCEDURE 5 3 A: ELECTROCHEMISTRY OF [CO(EN)3]3Þ/2Þ EXPERIMENT 5 4: ELECTRON TRANSFER REACTION BETWEEN [CO(EN)3]2Þ AND [CO(OX)2(EN)]2—STOICHIOMETRY DETERMINATION USING ION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY PRE-LAB 5 4 A: AIR-SENSITIVE TECHNIQUE FOR THE [CO(EN)3]2ޖ[CO(OX)2(EN)]2 SYSTEM PROCEDURE 5 4: DETERMINATION OF THE ELECTRON TRANSFER REACTION STOICHIOMETRY—[CO(EN)3)]2Þ AND [CO(OX)2(EN)]2, M ¼ 0 1 M (KNO3), 25 8C PRE-LAB PREPARATION CONTENTS POST-LAB QUESTIONS EXPERIMENT 5 5: CONVENTIONAL KINETIC MEASUREMENT OF THE REACTION BETWEEN [CO(EN)3]2Þ AND [CO(OX)2(EN)]2—DETERMINATION OF KSO AND KOS PROCEDURE 5 5: INERT ATMOSPHERE KINETICS USING CONVENTIONAL VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPY METHODS AND [CO(EN)3]2Þ PRE-LAB 5 6: BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO MARCUS THEORY PROCEDURE 5 6: EQUATIONS FOR THE MARCUS THEORY CALCULATION 6 LEVELS 4 AND 5 METALS IN MEDICINE: SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL REACTIVITY OF THE PLATINUM ANTICANCER DRUG, CIS-PLATIN AND ITS ISOMER, TRANS-PLATIN EXPERIMENT 6 1: SYNTHESIS OF CIS- AND TRANS-DIAMMINE-DICHLOROPLATINUM(II) COMPLEXES, [PT(NH3)2CL2] PRE-LAB 6 1: THE TRANS EFFECT PROCEDURE 6 1 A: SYNTHESIS OF POTASSIUM TETRACHLOROPLATINATE(II) PROCEDURE 6 1 B: SYNTHESIS OF TRANS-DICHLORODIAMMINEPLATINUM (II) PROCEDURE 6 1 C: SYNTHESIS OF DIAMMINEDIIODOPLATINUM (II) PROCEDURE 6 1 D: SYNTHESIS OF CIS-DIAMMINEDICHLOROPLATINUM(II) EXPERIMENT 6 2: SUBSTITUTION KINETICS OF TRANS-PLATIN: DETERMINATION OF THE RATE OF FORMATION, KDMSO, AND ACTIVATION PARAMETERS FOR THE REACTION BETWEEN CIS- AND TRANS-[PT(NH3)2CL2] AND DMSO SOLVENT PRE-LAB 6 2: SUBSTITUTION IN SQUARE PLANAR METAL COMPLEXES PROCEDURE 6 2: DMSO SUBSTITUTION KINETICS OF CIS- AND TRANS-PLATIN: TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE STUDY EXPERIMENT 6 3: NMR INVESTIGATION OF CIS-PLATIN BINDING TO 20-DEOXYRIBONUCLEOSIDE-50-MONOPHOSPHATES, DGMP AND DAMP PRE-LAB 6 3: DNA—THE TARGET MOLECULE OF CIS-PLATIN PROCEDURE 6 3: SOLUTION PREPARATION AND NMR SPECTROSCOPY EXPERIMENT 6 4: MOLECULAR MODELING OF THE CIS-PLATIN-OLIGONUCLEOTIDE, CCGGATC PRE-LAB 6 4 A: INTRODUCTION TO MOLECULAR MECHANICS CALCULATIONS CONTENTS PROCEDURE 6 4: MOLECULAR MECHANICS CALCULATIONS ON THE CIS-PLATIN–OLIGONUCLEOTIDE INTERACTIONS EXPERIMENT 6 5: IC50 DETERMINATION OF CIS-PLATIN USING A CHO CELL LINE CYTOTOXICITY ASSAY PRE-LAB 6 5: CIS-PLATIN CYTOTOXICITY ASSAY USING A CHO CELL MODEL PROCEDURE 6 5 A: CIS-PLATIN CYTOTOXICITY ASSAY PROTOCOL 7 LEVELS 4 AND 5 METALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT—CD21 SEQUESTRATION BY PHYTOCHELATINS AND BIOREMEDIATION EXPERIMENT 7 1: WHAT’S IN THE WATER? FLUORESCENCE DETECTION OF TRACE METAL IONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION PRE-LAB 7 1 A: 8-HYDROXYQUINOLINE AND 8-HYDROXYQUINOLINE-5-SULFONIC ACID PRE-LAB 7 1 B: INTRODUCTION TO LUMINESCENCE PROCEDURE 7 1 A: FLUORESCENCE SPECTRUM OF HQS PROCEDURE 7 1 B: DESIGNING EXPERIMENTS TO INVESTIGATE THE USE OF HQS AS A FLUORIMETRIC REAGENT FOR METAL ION DETECTION EXPERIMENT 7 2: SOLID-PHASE PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS AND HPLC PURI?CATION OF THE PHYTOCHELATIN, PENTAPEPTIDE, (G-GLU-CYS)2-GLY (PC2) PRE-LAB 7 2 A: PHYTOCHELATINS (G-GLU-CYS)N-GLY (PCN) PRE-LAB 7 2 B: INTRODUCTION TO SOLID-PHASE PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS (SPPS) PROCEDURE 7 2: SYNTHESIS OF (G-GLU-CYS)N-GLY EXPERIMENT 7 3: A QUALITATIVE UV SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY OF CD2Þ-(G-GLU-CYS)2-GLY (PC2) BINDING PRE-LAB 7 3: METAL COMPLEXES OF PHYTOCHELATINS PROCEDURE 7 3: SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC TITRATION OF PC2 AND GLUTATHIONE WITH CADMIUM(II) AND COPPER(II) EXPERIMENT 7 4: STABILITY CONSTANT DETERMINATION OF CD2Þ AMINO ACID COMPLEXES PRE-LAB 7 4 A: CD2ޖPC2 COMPLEXES PRE-LAB 7 4 B: POTENTIOMETRIC TITRATIONS FOR DETERMINING LIGAND PKA VALUES AND METAL LIGAND STABILITY CONSTANTS LIGAND PKA DETERMINATION POTENTIOMETRIC TITRATION OF THE PC2–CD2Þ SYSTEM AND ANALYSIS USING THE BEST PROGRAM CONTENTS PROCEDURE 7 4 A: POTENTIOMETRIC TITRATION OF AMINO ACIDS, M ¼ 0 1 M (KNO3) FOR GLY AND M ¼ 3 0 M (NACL) FOR CYS, RT PROCEDURE 7 4 B: DETERMINATION OF CD2Þ-AMINO ACID STABILITY CONSTANTS, M ¼ 0 1 M (KNO3) FOR GLY AND M ¼ 3 0 M (NACL) FOR CYS, RT PROCEDURE 7 4 C: DETERMINATION OF CD2ޖPC2 (1 : 1) STABILITY CONSTANTS, M ¼ 0 1 M (KNO3), RT EXPERIMENT 7 5: BIOSYNTHESIS OF PHYTOCHELATINS BY THE FISSION YEAST (SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES POMBE) IN THE PRESENCE OF CD2Þ AND ANALYSIS BY ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY PRE-LAB 7 5 A FISSION YEAST, SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES POMBE, AND ITS ROLE IN THE STUDY OF PCN BIOSYNTHESIS PRE-LAB 7 5 5 B: ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY PROCEDURE 7 5: CULTURING YEAST FOR OPTIMAL GROWTH IN LIQUID PROCEDURE 7 5 B: DETERMINATION OF CD2Þ UPTAKE BY ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY 8 LEVEL 5 METALS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY—SYNTHESIS, PHOTOPHYSICAL AND CHIRAL PROPERTIES OF TRIS(1,10-PHENANTHROLINE)CHROMIUM(III): METAL COMPLEX DNA INTERACTIONS AND REACTIVITY PRE-LAB 8 1: ON THE SYNTHESIS OF [CR(PHEN)3]3Þ EXPERIMENT 8 2: RESOLUTION OF TRIS(1,10-PHENANTHROLINE)CHROMIUM(III) HEXA?UOROPHOSPHATE, [CR(PHEN)3] (PF6)3 BY FRACTIONAL PRECIPITATION USING ANTIMONYL-D-TARTRATE PRE-LAB 8 2 A: OPTICAL ISOMERS OF METAL COORDINATION COMPLEXES PRE-LAB 8 2 B: OPTICAL ISOMER RESOLUTION USING TARTRATE SALTS PROCEDURE 8 2: RESOLUTION OF TRIS(1,10-PHENANTHROLINE) CHROMIUM(III) HEXA?UOROPHOSPHATE, [CR(PHEN)3] (PF6)3, BY FRACTIONAL PRECIPITATION PRE-LAB 8 3: METHODS FOR MEASURING OPTICAL ACTIVITY: POLARIMETRY, OPTICAL ROTOTARY DISPERSION, AND CIRCULAR DICHROISM SPECTROPHOTOMETRY PROCEDURE 8 3: ANALYSIS OF THE D- AND L-TRIS(1,10-PHENANTHROLINE) CHROMIUM(III) HEXA?UOROPHOSPHATE, [CR(PHEN)3] (PF6)3, COMPLEXES CONTENTS EXPERIMENT 8 4: INVESTIGATION OF THE PHOTO-OXIDATION OF NUCLEIC ACIDS BY [CR(PHEN)3]3Þ USING SPECTRO?UORIMETRY PRE-LEVEL 8 4: PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF METAL COMPLEXES PHOTO-INDUCED ELECTRON TRANSFER THERMODYNAMICS OF ELECTRON-TRANSFER QUENCHING PRE-LAB 8 4: QUESTIONS (SEE PROCEDURE 8 4 AND TABLE 8 2) PROCEDURE 8 4: LUMINESCENCE STUDIES OF [CR(PHEN)3]3Þ DATA ANALYSIS OPTIONAL: VARIATIONS IN THE NATURE OF THE QUENCHER EXPERIMENT 8 5: STEREOSELECTIVE BINDING OF [CR(PHEN)3]3Þ TO DNA: AN EQUILIBRIUM DIALYSIS STUDY PRE-LAB 8 5 A: CHIRAL DISCRIMINATION IN METAL COMPLEX–DNA BINDING PRE-LAB 8 5 B: EQUILIBRIUM DIALYSIS PROCEDURE 8 5: STEREOSELECTIVE BINDING OF CR(PHEN)3]3Þ TO DNA STUDIED BY EQUILIBRIUM DIALYSIS AND CD SPECTROSCOPY PRE-LAB 9 1 A: THE ACETYLACETONATE (ACAC) LIGAND PRE-LAB 9 1 B: THE VO(ACAC)2 COMPLEX PRE-LAB 9 1 C: SYNTHESIS OF THE VO(ACAC)2 COMPLEX EXPERIMENT 9 2: INVESTIGATING SOLVATOCHROMATIC PROPERTIES OF VANADYL-BIS(2,4-PENTANEDIONE), VO(ACAC)2 USING VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPY PRE-LAB 9 2: SOLVATOCHROMISM IN THE VO(ACAC)2 SYSTEM PROCEDURE 9 2: VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS PRE-LAB 9 3: INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF METAL CARBONYLS EXPERIMENT 9 4: VO(ACAC)2 CATALYZED EPOXIDATION OF GERANIOL USING T-BUOOH PRE-LAB 9 4 A: EPOXIDATION REACTIONS PRE-LAB 9 4 B: EPOXIDATION OF GERANIOL PROCEDURE 9 4 A: EPOXIDATION OF GERANIOL CONTENTS PROCEDURE 9 4 B: EPOXIDATION OF GERANYL ACETATE PROCEDURE 9 4 C: REACTION OF VO(ACAC)2 WITH T-BUOOH EXPERIMENT 9 5: ENCAPSULATION OF VO(ACAC)2 AND CATALYTIC CHEMISTRY OF A HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST PRE-LAB 9 5 A: MICROENCAPSULATION OF METAL COMPLEX CATALYSTS PROCEDURE 9 5 A: ENCAPSULATION OF THE VO(ACAC)2 CATALYST PROCEDURE 9 5 B: CATALYTIC CHEMISTRY WITH THE ENCAPSULATED CATALYST PROCEDURE 9 5 C: CATALYTIC CHEMISTRY—SOLVENT DEPENDENCE PROCEDURE 9 5 D: CATALYTIC CHEMISTRY—SYSTEM RECYCLABILITY