RECENT ADVANCES IN OSMIUM-CATALYZED DIHYDROXYLATION
CONTENTS RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN METAL-CATALYZED DIHYDROXYLATION OF ALKENES INTRODUCTION ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY TERMINAL OXIDANTS HYDROGEN PEROXIDE HYPOCHLORITE CHLORITE OXYGEN OR AIR SUPPORTED OSMIUM CATALYST NITROGEN-GROUP DONATING SUPPORT SUPPORTS BEARING ALKENES IMMOBILIZATION BY IONIC INTERACTION IONIC LIQUID RUTHENIUM CATALYSTS IRON CATALYSTS CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES TRANSITION METAL-CATALYZED EPOXIDATION OF ALKENES CHOICE OF OXIDANT FOR SELECTIVE EPOXIDATION EPOXIDATIONS OF ALKENES CATALYZED BY EARLY TRANSITION METALS MOLYBDENUM AND TUNGSTEN-CATALYZED EPOXIDATIONS HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSTS – HYDROGEN PEROXIDE AS THE TERMINAL OXIDANT HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS MANGANESE-CATALYZED EPOXIDATIONS RHENIUM-CATALYZED EPOXIDATIONS MTO AS EPOXIDATION CATALYST – ORIGINAL FINDINGS THE IN?UENCE OF HETEROCYCLIC ADDITIVES THE ROLE OF THE ADDITIVE OTHER OXIDANTS SOLVENTS/MEDIA SOLID SUPPORT ASYMMETRIC EPOXIDATIONS USING MTO IRON-CATALYZED EPOXIDATIONS IRON-CATALYZED ASYMMETRIC EPOXIDATIONS RUTHENIUM-CATALYZED EPOXIDATIONS EPOXIDATIONS USING LATE TRANSITION METALS CONCLUDING REMARKS ORGANOCATALYTIC OXIDATION KETONE-CATALYZED ASYMMETRIC EPOXIDATION OF ALKENES AND SYNTHETIC APPLICATIONS CATALYST DEVELOPMENT SYNTHETIC APPLICATIONS CONCLUSION CATALYTIC OXIDATIONS WITH HYDROGEN PEROXIDE IN FLUORINATED ALCOHOL SOLVENTS PROPERTIES OF FLUORINATED ALCOHOLS A DETAILED LOOK AT THE HYDROGEN BOND DONOR FEATURES OF HFIP EPOXIDATION OF ALKENES IN FLUORINATED ALCOHOL SOLVENTS ALKENE EPOXIDATION WITH HYDROGEN PEROXIDE – IN THE ABSENCE OF FURTHER CATALYSTS ON THE MECHANISM OF EPOXIDATION CATALYSIS BY FLUORINATED ALCOHOLS ALKENE EPOXIDATION WITH HYDROGEN PEROXIDE – IN THE PRESENCE OF FURTHER CATALYSTS ARSINES AND ARSINE OXIDES AS CATALYSTS ARSONIC ACIDS AS CATALYSTS DISELENIDES/SELENINIC ACIDS AS CATALYSTS RHENIUM COMPOUNDS AS CATALYSTS FLUOROKETONES AS CATALYSTS SULFOXIDATION OF THIOETHERS IN FLUORINATED ALCOHOL SOLVENTS BAEYER-VILLIGER OXIDATION OF KETONES IN FLUORINATED ALCOHOL SOLVENTS ACID-CATALYZED BAEYER-VILLIGER OXIDATION OF KETONES IN FLUORINATED ALCOHOL SOLVENTS – MECHANISM BAEYER-VILLIGER OXIDATION OF KETONES IN FLUORINATED ALCOHOL SOLVENTS – CATALYSIS BY ARSONIC AND SELENINIC ACIDS EPILOG MODERN OXIDATION OF ALCOHOLS USING ENVIRONMENTALLY BENIGN OXIDANTS OXOAMMONIUM BASED OXIDATION OF ALCOHOLS – TEMPO AS CATALYST METAL-MEDIATED OXIDATION OF ALCOHOLS – MECHANISM GOLD NANOPARTICLES AS CATALYSTS CATALYTIC OXIDATION OF ALCOHOLS WITH HYDROGEN PEROXIDE BIOCATALYTIC OXIDATION OF ALCOHOLS AEROBIC OXIDATIONS AND RELATED REACTIONS CATALYZED BY N-HYDROXYPHTHALIMIDE NHPI-CATALYZED AEROBIC OXIDATION ALKANE OXIDATIONS WITH DIOXYGEN OXIDATION OF ALKYLARENES SYNTHESIS OF TEREPHTHALIC ACID OXIDATION OF METHYLPYRIDINES AND METHYLQUINOLINES OXIDATION OF HYDROAROMATIC AND BENZYLIC COMPOUNDS PREPARATION OF ACETYLENIC KETONES BY DIRECT OXIDATION OF ALKYNES OXIDATION OF ALCOHOLS EPOXIDATION OF ALKENES USING DIOXYGEN AS TERMINAL OXIDANT BAEYER-VILLIGER OXIDATION OF KA OIL PREPARATION OF E-CAPROLACTAM PRECURSOR FROM KA OIL FUNCTIONALIZATION OF ALKANES CATALYZED BY NHPI SULFOXIDATION OF ALKANES CATALYZED BY VANADIUM REACTION OF NO WITH ORGANIC COMPOUNDS NITROSATION OF CYCLOALKANES WITH T-BUONO RITTER-TYPE REACTION WITH CERIUM AMMONIUM NITRATE (CAN) CARBON-CARBON BOND-FORMING REACTION VIA CATALYTIC CARBON RADICALS GENERATION ASSISTED BY NHPI OXYALKYLATION OF ALKENES WITH ALKANES AND DIOXYGEN SYNTHESIS OF A-HYDROXY-C-LACTONES BY ADDITION OF A-HYDROXY CARBON RADICALS TO UNSATURATED ESTERS HYDROXYACYLATION OF ALKENES USING 1,3-DIOXOLANES AND DIOXYGEN HYDROACYLATION OF ALKENES USING NHPI AS A POLARITY REVERSAL CATALYST CHIRAL NHPI DERIVATIVES AS ENANTIOSELECTIVE CATALYSTS: KINETIC RESOLUTION OF OXAZOLIDINES RUTHENIUM-CATALYZED OXIDATION FOR ORGANIC SYNTHESIS RUO4-PROMOTED OXIDATION OXIDATION WITH LOW-VALENT RUTHENIUM CATALYSTS AND OXIDANTS OXIDATION OF ALKENES OXIDATION OF AMINES OXIDATION OF AMIDES AND B-LACTAMS OXIDATION OF PHENOLS OXIDATION OF HYDROCARBONS SELECTIVE OXIDATION OF AMINES AND SULFIDES OXIDATION OF SUL?DES TO SULFOXIDES STOICHIOMETRIC REACTIONS PERACIDS DIOXIRANES OXONE AND DERIVATIVES H2O2 IN ‘‘FLUOROUS PHASE’’ AND RELATED REACTIONS CHEMOCATALYTIC REACTIONS H2O2 AS TERMINAL OXIDANT MOLECULAR OXYGEN AS TERMINAL OXIDANT ALKYL HYDROPEROXIDES AS TERMINAL OXIDANT OTHER OXIDANTS IN CATALYTIC REACTIONS BIOCATALYTIC REACTIONS PEROXIDASES KETONE MONOOXYGENASES OXIDATION OF TERTIARY AMINES TO N-OXIDES CHEMOCATALYTIC OXIDATIONS BIOCATALYTIC OXIDATION APPLICATIONS OF AMINE N-OXIDATION IN COUPLED CATALYTIC PROCESSES LIQUID PHASE OXIDATION REACTIONS CATALYZED BY POLYOXOMETALATES POLYOXOMETALATES (POMS) OXIDATION WITH MONO-OXYGEN DONORS OXIDATION WITH PEROXYGEN COMPOUNDS OXIDATION WITH MOLECULAR OXYGEN HETEROGENIZATION OF HOMOGENEOUS REACTIONS – SOLID-LIQUID, LIQUID-LIQUID, AND ALTERNATIVE REACTION SYSTEMS SOLID-LIQUID REACTIONS LIQUID-LIQUID REACTIONS AND REACTIONS IN ‘ALTERNATIVE’ MEDIA OXIDATION OF CARBONYL COMPOUNDS OXIDATION OF ALDEHYDES TO CARBOXYLIC ACIDS METAL-FREE OXIDATION OF ALDEHYDES TO CARBOXYLIC ACIDS METAL-CATALYZED OXIDATION OF ALDEHYDES TO CARBOXYLIC ACIDS OXIDATION OF KETONES BAEYER-VILLIGER REACTIONS CATALYTIC ASYMMETRIC BAEYER-VILLIGER REACTIONS CHEMOCATALYTIC VERSIONS BIOCATALYTIC VERSIONS MANGANESE-CATALYZED OXIDATION WITH HYDROGEN PEROXIDE BIO-INSPIRED MANGANESE OXIDATION CATALYSTS MANGANESE-CATALYZED BLEACHING EPOXIDATION AND CIS-DIHYDROXYLATION OF ALKENES MANGANESE SALTS PORPHYRIN-BASED CATALYSIS SALEN-BASED SYSTEMS TRI- AND TETRA-AZACYCLOALKANE DERIVATIVES TETRA-AZACYCLOALKANE DERIVATIVES TRIAZACYCLONONANE DERIVATIVES MANGANESE COMPLEXES FOR ALKENE OXIDATION BASED ON PYRIDYL LIGANDS MANGANESE CATALYSTS FOR THE OXIDATION OF ALKANES, ALCOHOLS, AND ALDEHYDES OXIDATION OF ALKANES OXIDATION OF ALCOHOLS AND ALDEHYDES SUL?DES, SULFOXIDES, AND SULFONES BIOOXIDATION WITH CYTOCHROME P450 MONOOXYGENASES PROPERTIES OF CYTOCHROME P450 MONOOXYGENASES STRUCTURE ENZYMOLOGY REACTIONS CATALYZED BY P450S P450S AS INDUSTRIAL BIOCATALYSTS ADVANTAGES CHALLENGES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNICAL P450 APPLICATIONS GENERAL ASPECTS OF INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION AND ENGINEERING OF P450S APPLICATION AND ENGINEERING OF P450S FOR THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY MICROBIAL OXIDATIONS WITH P450S FOR SYNTHESIS OF PHARMACEUTICALS APPLICATION OF MAMMALIAN P450S FOR DRUG DEVELOPMENT ENHANCEMENT OF RECOMBINANT EXPRESSION IN E COLI ENHANCEMENT OF ACTIVITY AND SELECTIVITY AND ENGINEERING OF NOVEL ACTIVITIES CONSTRUCTION OF ARTI?CIAL SELF-SUF?CIENT FUSION PROTEINS APPLICATION OF P450S FOR SYNTHESIS OF FINE CHEMICALS ENGINEERING OF P450S FOR BIOCATALYSIS COFACTOR SUBSTITUTION AND REGENERATION COFACTOR SUBSTITUTION IN VITRO COFACTOR REGENERATION IN VITRO COFACTOR REGENERATION IN WHOLE-CELLS CONSTRUCTION OF ARTI?CIAL FUSION PROTEINS ENGINEERING OF NEW SUBSTRATE SPECI?CITIES P450CAM FROM PSEUDOMONAS PUTIDA P450BM3 FROM BACILLUS MEGATERIUM FUTURE TRENDS