COAL: ITS ECONOMICAL AND SMOKELESS COMBUSTION

By P. LIONI

SUMMARY 1 INTRODUCTION COAL PRODUCTION AND USE IN THE UNITED STATES, MANAGEMENT OF COAL COMBUSTION RESIDUES, PURPOSE OF THE STUDY, THE COMMITTEE’S APPROACH, REPORT ROADMAP, 2 COAL COMBUSTION RESIDUES TYPES OF COAL COMBUSTION RESIDUES, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COAL COMBUSTION RESIDUES, DISPOSAL AND USE OPTIONS FOR COAL COMBUSTION RESIDUES, SUMMARY, 3 BEHAVIOR OF COAL COMBUSTION RESIDUES IN THE ENVIRONMENT HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES AFFECTING CCR BEHAVIOR, BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES AFFECTING CCR BEHAVIOR, POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT FROM CCR IN COAL MINES, 4 POTENTIAL IMPACTS FROM PLACEMENT OF COAL COMBUSTION RESIDUES IN COAL MINES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, HUMAN HEALTH, CONTENTS CONTENTS 5 CURRENT REGULATORY FRAMEWORK THE SURFACE MINING CONTROL AND RECLAMATION ACT OF 1977, OTHER FEDERAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS, EPA’S REGULATORY DETERMINATION OF 2000, STATE PROGRAMS, STATE REGULATORY AGENCIES, 6 CHARACTERIZATION FOR COAL COMBUSTION RESIDUE MANAGEMENT RISK-BASED FRAMEWORK FOR CCR MANAGEMENT, SITE CHARACTERIZATION, CCR CHARACTERIZATION, INTEGRATION OF CCR AND SITE CHARACTERIZATION DATA, 7 MANAGEMENT OF COAL COMBUSTION RESIDUES IN RECLAMATION ACTIVITIES RECLAMATION, MONITORING, 8 SYNTHESIS OF ISSUES FOR PLANNING AND REGULATION OF COAL COMBUSTION RESIDUE MINE PLACEMENT PLANNING FOR CCR MANAGEMENT, OVERARCHING ISSUES AND CONCERNS, REFERENCES