MULTIDIMENSIONAL CHROMATOGRAPHY

By SUSAN LOPEZ

CONTENTS PART 1: GENERAL INTRODUCTION PREAMBLE PACKED CAPILLARY COLUMN AND UNI?ED CHROMATOGRAPHY RESOLVING POWER OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SYSTEMS TWO-DIMENSIONAL SEPARATIONS THE ORIGINS OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL CHROMATOGRAPHY ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES COUPLED HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH HIGH RESOLUTION GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY TRANSFER TECHNIQUES VAPORIZATION WITH HOT INJECTORS TRANSFER OF WATER-CONTAINING SOLVENT MIXTURES INDIRECT INTRODUCTION OF WATER CONCLUSIONS MULTIDIMENSIONAL HIGH RESOLUTION GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY PRACTICAL TWO-DIMENSIONAL GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY PRACTICAL EXAMPLES OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL CHROMATOGRAPHY ORTHOGONAL GC–GC INTRODUCTION TO MULTIDIMENSIONAL GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY INTRODUCTION TO GC GC SEPARATION INTRODUCTION TO MODULATION TECHNOLOGY ORTHOGONALITY OF ANALYSIS QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES OF GC GC TECHNOLOGY COUPLED-COLUMN LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY THEORETICAL ASPECTS LC–LC TECHNIQUES SUPERCRITICAL FLUID TECHNIQUES COUPLED WITH CHROMATOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES ON-LINE COUPLING OF SFE WITH CHROMATOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES SFE–GC SPE–SFE–GC SFE–SFC SFE–LC ON-LINE COUPLING OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION WITH CAPILLARY ELECTRODRIVEN SEPARATION TECHNIQUES (SFE–CESTS) FROM MULTIDIMENSIONAL TO UNI?ED CHROMATOGRAPHY PASSING THROUGH SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS UNI?ED CHROMATOGRAPHY: CONCEPTS AND CONSIDERATIONS FOR MULTIDIMENSIONAL CHROMATOGRAPHY THE PHASE DIAGRAM VIEW OF CHROMATOGRAPHY INSTRUMENTATION ADVANTAGES OF AND CHALLENGES FOR UNI?ED CHROMATOGRAPHY TECHNIQUES IN MULTIDIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS COLUMN EF?CIENCY AND PLATE HEIGHTS IN UNI?ED CHROMATOGRAPHY MULTIDIMENSIONAL PLANAR CHROMATOGRAPHY TWO-DIMENSIONAL OR MULTIDIMENSIONAL PLANAR CHROMATOGRAPHY? 8 3 TWO-DIMENSIONAL DEVELOPMENT ON SINGLE LAYERS METHODS FOR THE SELECTION OF APPROPRIATE MOBILE PHASES TWO-DIMENSIONAL DEVELOPMENT ON BILAYERS MULTIPLE DEVELOPMENT IN ONE, TWO OR THREE DIMENSIONS MULTIPLE DEVELOPMENT IN ONE DIRECTION MULTIPLE DEVELOPMENT IN TWO DIMENSIONS MULTIPLE DEVELOPMENT IN THREE DIMENSIONS COUPLED LAYERS WITH STATIONARY PHASES OF DECREASING POLARITY GRAFTED PLANAR CHROMATOGRAPHY SERIALLY CONNECTED MULTILAYER FORCED-FLOW PLANAR CHROMATOGRAPHY COMBINATION OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL PLANAR CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHODS COUPLING OF PLANAR CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH OTHER CHROMATOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES FURTHER CONSIDERATIONS MULTIDIMENSIONAL ELECTRODRIVEN SEPARATIONS ELECTROPHORETIC SEPARATIONS COMPREHENSIVE SEPARATIONS PLANAR TWO-DIMENSIONAL SEPARATIONS CHROMATOGRAPHY AND ELECTROPHORESIS COMBINED IN NON-COMPREHENSIVE MANNERS COMPREHENSIVE TWO-DIMENSIONAL SEPARATIONS WITH AN ELECTRODRIVEN COMPONENT MICROCOLUMN REVERSE PHASE HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY–CAPILLARY ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS MICROCOLUMN SIZE EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY–CAPILLARY ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS PACKED CAPILLARY REVERSE PHASE HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY–CAPILLARY ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS PACKED CAPILLARY REVERSE PHASE HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY–FAST CAPILLARY ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS THREE-DIMENSIONAL SIZE EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY– REVERSE PHASE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY– CAPILLARY ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS TRANSPARENT FLOW GRATING INTERFACE WITH PACKED CAPILLARY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY–CAPILLARY ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS ONLINE REVERSE PHASE HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY– CAPILLARY ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS–MASS SPECTROMETRY THE FUTURE OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL ELECTROKINETIC SEPARATIONS PART 2: APPLICATIONS MULTIDIMENSIONAL CHROMATOGRAPHY: FOODS, FLAVOURS AND FRAGRANCES APPLICATIONS MULTIDIMENSIONAL GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY (GC–GC OR MDGC) MULTIDIMENSIONAL HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY MULTIDIMENSIONAL CHROMATOGRAPHY USING ON-LINE COUPLED HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY AND CAPILLARY (HIGH RESOLUTION) GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY (HPLC–HRGC) MULTIDIMENSIONAL CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHODS WHICH INVOLVE THE USE OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS MULTIDIMENSIONAL CHROMATOGRAPHY: BIOMEDICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY–LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION–LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY–GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION–GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTIONS COUPLED WITH GAS OR LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION COUPLED WITH SUPERCRITICAL FLUID CHROMATOGRAPHY COUPLED SYSTEMS INVOLVING CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS