COMPUTATIONAL RHEOLOGY FOR PIPELINE AND ANNULAR FLOW
CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION: BASIC PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS WHY STUDY RHEOLOGY?, REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS, OVERVIEW OF ANNULAR FLOW, REVIEW OF PRIOR ANNULAR MODELS, THE NEW COMPUTATIONAL MODELS, PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS, PHILOSOPHY OF NUMERICAL MODELING, REFERENCES, 2 ECCENTRIC, NONROTATING, ANNULAR FLOW THEORY AND MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION, BOUNDARY CONFORMING GRID GENERATION, NUMERICAL FINITE DIFFERENCE SOLUTION, DETAILED CALCULATED RESULTS, EXAMPLE 1 FULLY CONCENTRIC ANNULAR FLOW, EXAMPLE 2 CONCENTRIC PIPE AND BOREHOLE IN THE PRESENCE OF A CUTTINGS BED, EXAMPLE 3 HIGHLY ECCENTRIC CIRCULAR PIPE AND BOREHOLE, EXAMPLE 4 SQUARE DRILL COLLAR IN A CIRCULAR HOLE, EXAMPLE 5 SMALL HOLE, BINGHAM PLASTIC MODEL, EXAMPLE 6 SMALL HOLE, POWER LAW FLUID, EXAMPLE 7 LARGE HOLE, BINGHAM PLASTIC, EXAMPLE 8 LARGE HOLE, POWER LAW FLUID, EXAMPLE 9 LARGE HOLE WITH CUTTINGS BED, 3 CONCENTRIC, ROTATING, ANNULAR FLOW GENERAL GOVERNING EQUATIONS, EXACT SOLUTION FOR NEWTONIAN FLOWS, NARROW ANNULUS POWER LAW SOLUTION, ANALYTICAL VALIDATION, DIFFERENCES BETWEEN NEWTONIAN AND POWER LAW FLOWS, MORE APPLICATIONS FORMULAS, EXAMPLE 1 EAST GREENBRIAR NO 2, EXAMPLE 2 DETAILED SPATIAL PROPERTIES VERSUS “R”, EXAMPLE 3 MORE OF EAST GREENBRIAR, 4 RECIRCULATING ANNULAR VORTEX FLOWS WHAT ARE RECIRCULATING VORTEX FLOWS?, MOTIVATING IDEAS AND CONTROLLING VARIABLES, HOW TO AVOID STAGNANT BUBBLES, A PRACTICAL EXAMPLE, 5 APPLICATIONS TO DRILLING AND PRODUCTION CUTTINGS TRANSPORT IN DEVIATED WELLS, DISCUSSION 1 WATER-BASE MUDS , DISCUSSION 2 CUTTINGS TRANSPORT DATABASE, DISCUSSION 3 INVERT EMULSIONS VERSUS “ALL OIL” MUDS, DISCUSSION 4 EFFECT OF CUTTINGS BED THICKNESS, DISCUSSION 5 WHY 45O – 60O INCLINATIONS ARE WORST, DISCUSSION 6 KEY ISSUES IN CUTTINGS TRANSPORT, EVALUATION OF SPOTTING FLUIDS FOR STUCK PIPE, CEMENTING APPLICATIONS, EXAMPLE 1 ECCENTRIC NONROTATING FLOW, BASELINE CONCENTRIC CASE, EXAMPLE 2 ECCENTRIC NONROTATING FLOW, ECCENTRIC CIRCULAR CASE, EXAMPLE 3 ECCENTRIC NONROTATING FLOW, A SEVERE WASHOUT, EXAMPLE 4 ECCENTRIC NONROTATING FLOW, CASING WITH CENTRALIZERS, EXAMPLE 5 CONCENTRIC ROTATING FLOWS, STATIONARY BASELINE, EXAMPLE 6 CONCENTRIC ROTATING FLOWS, ROTATING CASING, COILED TUBING RETURN FLOWS, HEAVILY CLOGGED STUCK PIPE, CONCLUSIONS, 6 BUNDLED PIPELINES: COUPLED ANNULAR VELOCITY AND TEMPERATURE COMPUTER VISUALIZATION AND SPEECH SYNTHESIS, COUPLED VELOCITY AND TEMPERATURE FIELDS, 7 PIPE FLOW MODELING IN GENERAL DUCTS NEWTONIAN FLOW IN CIRCULAR PIPES, FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD, NEWTONIAN FLOW IN RECTANGULAR DUCTS, EXACT ANALYTICAL SERIES SOLUTION, FINITE DIFFERENCE SOLUTION, EXAMPLE CALCULATION, GENERAL BOUNDARY CONFORMING GRID SYSTEMS, RECAPITULATION, TWO EXAMPLE CALCULATIONS, CLOGGED ANNULUS AND STUCK PIPE MODELING, 8 SOLIDS DEPOSITION MODELING MUDCAKE BUILDUP ON POROUS ROCK, DEPOSITION MECHANICS, SEDIMENTARY TRANSPORT, SLURRY TRANSPORT, WAXES AND PARAFFINS, BASIC IDEAS, HYDRATE CONTROL, MODELING CONCEPTS AND INTEGRATION , WAX BUILDUP DUE TO TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCES, DEPOSITION AND FLOWFIELD INTERACTION, DETAILED CALCULATED EXAMPLES, SIMULATION 1 WAX DEPOSITION WITH NEWTONIAN FLOW IN CIRCULAR DUCT, SIMULATION 2 HYDRATE PLUG WITH NEWTONIAN FLOW IN CIRCULAR DUCT (VELOCITY FIELD), SIMULATION 3 HYDRATE PLUG WITH NEWTONIAN FLOW IN CIRCULAR DUCT (VISCOUS STRESS FIELD), SIMULATION 4 HYDRATE PLUG WITH POWER LAW FLOW IN CIRCULAR DUCT, SIMULATION 5 HYDRATE PLUG, HERSCHEL-BULKLEY FLOW IN CIRCULAR DUCT, SIMULATION 6 ERODING A CLOGGED BED, 9 PIPE BENDS, SECONDARY FLOWS, FLUID HETEROGENEITIES MODELING NON-NEWTONIAN DUCT FLOW IN PIPE BENDS, STRAIGHT, CLOSED DUCTS, HAGEN-POISEUILLE FLOW BETWEEN PLANES, FLOW BETWEEN CONCENTRIC PLATES, FLOWS IN CLOSED CURVED DUCTS, FLUID HETEROGENEITIES AND SECONDARY FLOWS, 10 ADVANCED MODELING METHODS COMPLICATED PROBLEM DOMAINS, SINGLY-CONNECTED REGIONS, DOUBLY-CONNECTED REGIONS, TRIPLY-CONNECTED REGIONS, CONVERGENCE ACCELERATION , FAST SOLUTIONS TO LAPLACE’S EQUATION, SPECIAL RHEOLOGICAL MODELS, SOFTWARE NOTES,