AUTOMATION FOR FOOD ENGINEERING: FOOD QUALITY QUANTIZATION AND PROCESS CONTROL

By E. FAURY

Chapter 1 Introduction 1 11 Food quality: a primary concern of the food industry 12 Automated evaluation of food quality 13 Food quality quantization and process control 14 Typical problems in food quality evaluation and process control 141 Beef quality evaluation 142 Food odor measurement 143 Continuous snack food frying quality process control 15 How to learn the technologies References Chapter 2 Data acquisition 11 21 Sampling 211 Example: Sampling for beef grading 212 Example: Sampling for detection of peanut off-flavors 213 Example: Sampling for meat quality evaluation 214 Example: Sampling for snack food eating quality evaluation 215 Example: Sampling for snack food frying quality process control 22 Concepts and systems for data acquisition 221 Example: Ultrasonic A -mode signal acquisition for beef grading 222 Example: Electronic nose data acquisition for food odor measurement 223 Example: Snack food frying data acquisition for quality process control 23 Image acquisition 231 Example: Image acquisition for snack food quality evaluation 232 Example: Ultrasonic B -mode imaging for beef grading 233 Example: Elastographic imaging for meat quality evaluation References Chapter 3 Data analysis 49 31 Data preprocessing 32 Data analysis 321 Static data analysis 3211 Example: Ultrasonic A-mode signal analysis for beef grading 3212 Example: Electronic nose data analysis for detection of peanut off-flavors 322 Dynamic data analysis 3221 Example: Dynamic data analysis of the snack food frying process 33 Image processing 331 Image segmentation 3311 Example: Segmentation of elastograms for detection of hard objects in packaged beef rations 332 Image feature extraction 3321 Example: Morphological and Haralick’s statistical textural feature extraction from images of snack food samples 3322 Example: Feature extraction from ultrasonic B-mode images for beef grading 3323 Example: Haralick’s statistical textural feature extraction from meat elastograms 3324 Example: Wavelet textural feature extraction from meat elastograms References Chapter 4 Modeling 99 41 Modeling strategy 411 Theoretical and empirical modeling 412 Static and dynamic modeling 42 Linear statistical modeling 421 Example: Linear statistical modeling based on ultrasonic A-mode signals for beef grading 422 Example: Linear statistical modeling for food odor pattern recognition by an electronic nose 423 Example: Linear statistical modeling for meat attribute prediction based on textural features extracted from ultrasonic elastograms 424 Example: Linear statistical dynamic modeling for snack food frying process control 43 ANN modeling 431 Example: ANN modeling for beef grading 432 Example: ANN modeling for food odor pattern recognition by an electronic nose 433 Example: ANN modeling for snack food eating quality evaluation 434 Example: ANN modeling for meat attribute prediction 435 Example: ANN modeling for snack food frying process control References Chapter 5 Prediction 143 51 Prediction and classification 511 Example: Sample classification for beef grading based on linear statistical and ANN models 512 Example: Electronic nose data classification for food odor pattern recognition 513 Example: Snack food classification for eating quality evaluation based on linear statistical and ANN models 514 Example: Meat attribute prediction based on linear statistical and ANN models 52 One-step-ahead prediction 521 Example: One-step-ahead prediction for snack food frying process control 53 Multiple-step-ahead prediction 531 Example: Multiple-step-ahead prediction for snack food frying process control References Chapter 6 Control 167 61 Process control 62 Internal model control 621 Example: ANNIMC for the snack food frying process 63 Predictive control 631 Example: Neuro-fuzzy PDC for snack food frying process References Chapter 7 Systems integration 201 71 Food quality quantization systems integration 72 Food quality process control systems integration 73 Food quality quantization and process control systems development 74 Concluding remarks References