CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY IN THE PRE-TREATMENT PROCESSES OF TEXTILES
Part - I TREATMENTOFTEXTILEPROCESSING EFFLUENTS 1 Chapter - 1 Introduction 3 Chapter - 2 Characteristics of Cotton Textile Processing Effluents 8 Chapter - 3 Treatment of Cotton Textile Processing Effluents 38 Sizing 10 Desizing 11 Scouring 14 Bleaching 15 Mercerizing 17 Dyeing 18 Printing 29 Finishing 30 Combined Effluent 31 Desizing 38 Scouring 43 Bleaching 43 Mercerizing 44 Dyeing 45 Printing 52 Combined Effluent 53 Primary, Secondary andTertiaryTreatments 56 PrimaryTreatment 56 SecondaryTreatment 59 TertiaryTreatment 61 Chapter - 4 Charactristics and Treatment of Synthetic Textile Processing Effluents 67 Chapter - 5 Knit Fabric Finishing 86 Process and Characteristics of Effluents 68 Treatment 80 Chapter - 6 Characteristics and Treatment ofWoollen Textile Processing Effluents 88 Chapter - 7 Recent Trends in TextileWasteWater Management 120 Chapter - 8 Reduction of Pollution Load 122 Chapter - 9 Recovery and Reuse of Sizes, Dyes and Other Chemicals 142 Processes, Sources&characteristics of Effluents 89 Treatment ofWool Processing Effluents 99 Waste segregation 123 Recovery & Reuse of Sizes and Other Chemicals 125 Substitution of Low-Pollution Load Chemicals 125 Judicious use of chemicals 134 Process changes 135 Economy inWater use 138 Recovery of PVAand other Sizing agents 143 RawWool Scouring 90 Weaving & Finishing Operations 93 Characteristics of Scouring Effluents 95 Characteristics of Effluents fromWeaving & Finishing Operations 97 Effects of Effluents 99 PrimaryTreatment 107 SecondaryTreatment 109 TertiaryTreatment 110 Recovery of Valuable materials 113 Caustic soda Recovery 144 Recovery of Dyes 145 Reuse of Ozonated Dyebath 146 Recovery of Other Valuable materials 146 Recovery of Heat 147 Chapter - 10 Recycling and Reuse ofWasteWater 149 Chapter - 11 Conservation and Reuse ofWater 155 Part - II TREATMENT METHODS 161 Chapter - 12 Treatment Methods -An Introduction 163 Chapter - 13 Preliminary and Primary Treatments 172 Chapter - 14 Secondary Biological Treatment 209 Screening 172 Equalization 174 Neutralization 177 Coagulation 185 Sedimentation 206 Floatation (DissolvedAir Floatation) 207 Activated Sludge Process 213 Trickling Filtration 224 Aerated Lagoons 228 Oxidation Ponds 229 Anaerobic Digestion 231 Sludge Disposal 232 Neutralization ofAcidicWastes 178 Neutralization of AlkalineWastes 181 Coagulants 186 Auxiliary chemicals 192 Flocculation -Aids 193 Coagulation & Flocculation Equipments 197 Merits & Demerits of Coagulation 203 Removal of Interfering Substances 233 Chapter - 15 Tertiary Treatment 238 Chapter - 17 Advanced Oxidation Processes 264 Multimedia Filtration 239 Dialysis / Electro Dialysis 245 Chemical Coagulation 239 Chemical Precipitation 240 Disinfection 240 Ozonation 240 Activated CarbonAdsorption 240 MembraneTechnology 242 Evaporation 246 Advanced Oxidation Processes 252 OzoneTreatment 252 Adsorption 253 MembraneTechnology 253 Dialysis / Electrodialysis 254 Ion Exchange 257 Evaporation 258 Crystallization 261 Freezing 261 Some PatentedTechnics for Color Removal 262 Bio-mass basedTechnologies 262 Cutting-EdgeTreatment Methods 263 Chapter - 16 Advanced Methods for the Treatment of Textile ProcessingWasteWater 250 Non-Photo chemical Methods 266 Homogeneous Photochemical Oxidation Processes 271 Ozonation 266 Ozone/Hydrogen Peroxide Process 268 Fenton Method 269 Vacuum-UV Photo Oxidation 271 UVand Ozone 272 UVand Hydrogenperoxide 273 UV, Ozone and Hydrogen Peroxide 273 Photo Fenton Method 273 Heterogeneous Photochemical Oxidation Processes 274 Reactions of Ozone inWasteWater Treatment 281 Chapter - 18 Ozone Treatment 278 Chapter - 19 Activated CarbonAdsorption 291 Chapter - 20 Membrane Technology 298 Advancements in OzoneTreatment 287 Micro Filtration 300 Ultra Filtration 301 Nano Filtration 302 Reverse Osmosis 303 Disc andTube Module 316 Membrane Bio-Reactors 318 Oxidative Reactions and Color Removal 282 BODReduction 285 Sludge Reduction 286 Part - III ANALYSISOFTEXTILEPROCESSING EFFLUENTS 327 Chapter - 21 Purpose of Examination 329 Chapter - 22 Collection ofWasteWater samples 330 Chapter - 23 Recording of Results 333 Chapter - 24 Analytical Methods - Important Notes 336 Chapter - 25 Parameters to be determined on Textile Processing Effluents 338 Chapter - 26 General Physico-Chemical Measurements 342 26-1 Color & PhysicalAppearance 342 26-2 Odor 342 26-3 Temperature 342 26-4 pH Value 343 26-5 Suspended Solids 345 26-6 Dissolved Solids 347 26-7 Settleable Solids 348 Chapter - 27 Measurement of Organic Pollution 351 Chapter - 28 Inorganic Constituents - Non Metallics 393 Chapter - 29 Inorganic Constituents - Metals 419 Chapter - 30 Miscellaneous Determination 437 27-1 Dissolved Oxygen 351 27-2 Bio-chemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) 357 27-3 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 371 27-4 Permanganate Value 379 27-5 Ammonia Nitrogen 383 27-6 Organic Nitrogen 388 27-7 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen 389 28-1 Acidity 393 28-2 Alkalinity 395 28-3 Chloride 399 28-4 Nitrate 403 28-5 Nitrite 406 28-6 Phosphate 409 28-7 Sulfide 412 29-1 Calcium + Magnesium 419 29-2 Calcium 421 29-3 Magnesium 423 29-4 Sodium 424 29-5 Potassium 425 29-6 Percent Sodium 426 29-7 Chromium 428 30-1 Boron 437 30-2 Chlorine 441 30-3 Oils & Grease 443 30-4 Phenols 446 30-5 Surfactants 451