BIOMEDICAL POLYMERS AND POLYMER THERAPEUTICS
CONTENTS PART 1 BIOMEDICAL POLYMERS AND POLYMER THERAPEUTICS CHAPTER MOLECULAR DESIGN OF BIODEGRADABLE DEXTRAN HYDROGELS FOR THE CONTROLLED RELEASE OF PROTEINS 1 INTRODUCTION 2 PROTEIN RELEASE FROM NON-DEGRADING DEXTRAN HYDROGELS 3 PROTEIN RELEASE FROM ENZYMATICALLY DEGRADING DEXTRAN HYDROGELS 4 PROTEIN RELEASE FROM CHEMICALLY DEGRADING DEXTRAN HYDROGELS 5 PROTEIN RELEASE FROM DEGRADING DEXTRAN MICROSPHERES 6 IN VIVO BIOCOMPATIBILITY OF DEXTRAN BASED HYDROGELS 7 CONCLUSION CHAPTER BIODEGRADABLE NANOSPHERES: THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS 1 INTRODUCTION CONTENTS 2 FORMULATION OF NANOSPHERES 3 ORAL DELIVERY 4 TARGETED DELIVERY 5 GENE DELIVERY 6 VACCINE DELIVERY 7 CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY 8 INTRAMUSCULAR DELIVERY 9 LOCALISED DRUG DELIVERY 10 CONCLUSION APPLICATION TO CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY OF SUPRAMOLECULAR SYSTEM INTRODUCTION METHODS AND RESULTS CONCLUSION DDS IN CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY 1 INTRODUCTION 2 CLINICAL STUDY OF ADRIAMYCIN ENCAPSULATED PEG- IMMUNOLIPOSOME 4 CONCLUSION CELLULOSE CAPSULES – AN ALTERNATIVE TO GELATIN 1 INTRODUCTION 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF HPMC FILM 3 CHARACTERISTICS OF HPMC CAPSULES 4 LIQUID OR SEMI-SOLID FILLING 5 DISINTEGRATION AND DISSOLUTION 6 IN VIVO EVALUATION CONTENTS CHAPTER POLYMERIC HYDROGELS IN DRUG RELEASE 1 INTRODUCTION 2 PREPARATION OF HYDROGELS 3 EVALUATION OF THE INTERACTIONS OF HEMA HYDROGELS WITH WATER 4 METHRONIDASOLE LOADED HEMA HYDROGELS 5 MODIFIED HEMA HYDROGELS FOR TISSUE ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS 6 CONCLUSIONS BIODEGRADABLE POLYROTAXANES AIMING AT BIOMEDICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS 1 INTRODUCTION 2 BIODEGRADABLE POLYROTAXANES FOR DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS 3 BIODEGRADABLE POLYROTAXANES FOR TISSUE ENGINEERING 4 POLYROTAXANES FOR STIMUL-RESPONSIVE MATERIALS 5 CONCLUSION LIPOSOMES LINKED WITH TIME-RELEASE SURFACE PEG 1 INTRODUCTION 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION CARRIER DESIGN: INFLUENCE OF CHARGE ON INTERACTION OF BRANCHED POLYMERIC POLYPEPTIDES WITH PHOSPHOLIPID MODEL MEMBRANES 1 INTRODUCTION CONTENTS 2 SYNTHESIS AND CHEMICAL STRUCTURE 3 REVERSED PHASE HPLC CHARACTERISATION 4 SURFACE ACTIVITY OF POLYMERS 5 PENETRATION OF POLYMERS IN MONOLAYERS 6 INTERACTION OF POLYMERS WITH PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYERS BLOCK COPOLYMER-BASED FORMULATIONS OF DOXORUBICIN EFFECTIVE AGAINST DRUG RESISTANT TUMOURS 1 INTRODUCTION 2 SP1049 FORMULATION AND ITS IN VITRO PROPERTIES 3 EFFICACY COMPARISON OF DOXORUBICIN AND SP 1049C ON THE IN VIVO TUMOUR MODELS 4 COMPARISON OF PLASMA PHARMACOKINETICS AND BIODISTRIBUTION OF SP1049C AND DOXORUBICIN IN NORMAL AND TUMOUR- BEARING MICE 5 TOXICITY OF SP1049C 6 CONCLUSION PREPARATION OF POLY(LACTIC ACID)-GRAFTED POLYSACCHARIDES AS BIODEGRADABLE AMPHIPHILIC MATERIALS 1 INTRODUCTION 2 EXPERIMENTAL PHOSPHOLIPID POLYMERS FOR REGULATION OF BIOREACTIONS ON MEDICAL DEVICES 1 INTRODUCTION 2 MOLECULAR DESIGN OF THE MPC POLYMERS 3 MECHANISM OF THE PROTEIN ADSORPTION RESISTANCE BY THE MPC POLYMERS CONTENTS 4 APPLICATIONS OF THE MPC POLYMERS RELATIVE POLYCATION INTERACTIONS WITH WHOLE BLOOD AND MODEL MEDIA 1 INTRODUCTION 3 RESULTS 4 DISCUSSION INFLUENCE OF PLASMA PROTEIN- AND PLATELET ADHESION ON COVALENTLY COATED BIOMATERIALS WITH MAJOR SEQUENCES OF TWENTY REGIOSELECTIVE MODIFIED N- OR O-DESULPHATED HEPARIN/HEPARAN DERIVATIVES 1 INTRODUCTION PREPARATION AND SURFACE ANALYSIS OF HAEMO- COMPATIBLE NANOCOATINGS WITH AMONO- AND CARBOXYL GROUP CONTAINING POLYSACCHARIDES 1 INTRODUCTION ISOLATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF ENDOTHELIAL CELL SURFACE HEPARAN SULPHATE FROM WHOLE BOVINE LUNG FOR COATING OF BIOMATERIALS TO IMPROVE HAEMOCOMPATIBILITY 1 INTRODUCTION COMPOSITE MATERIALS AS SCAFFOLDS FOR TISSUE ENGINEERING 1 INTRODUCTION PROTEIN IMMOBILIZATION ONTO NEWLY DEVELOPED POLYTURETHANE-MALEAMIDES FOR ENDOTHELIAL CELL GROWTH 1 INTRODUCTION FUNCTIONALIZED POLYMERS OF MALIC ACID STIMULATE TISSUE REPAIR PRESUMABLY BY REGULATING HEPARIN GROWTH FACTORS BIO AVAILABILITY CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 2 SYNTHESIS OF TERPOLYMER 3 BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION ON BONE REPAIR 4 BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION ON MUSCLE REGENERATION 5 STUDY OF TOXICITY OF TERPOLYMER TEMPERATURE-CONTROL OF INTERACTIONS OF THERMO- SENSITIVE POLYMER MODIFIED LIPOSOMES WITH MODEL MEMBRANES AND CELLS 1 INTRODUCTION 2 POLYMER SYNTHESIS 3 PREPARATION OF POLYMER-MODIFIED LIPOSOMES 4 INTERACTION OF THERMOSENSITIVE POLYMER-MODIFIED CATIONIC LIPOSOMES WITH MODEL MEMBRANES 5 INTERACTION OF THERMOSENSITIVE POLYMER-MODIFIED EYPC LIPOSOMES WITH CV1 CELLS PART 2 POLYMERS IN DIAGNOSIS AND VACCINATION CHAPTER THE USE OF POLYCHELATING AND AMPHIPHILIC POLYMERS IN GAMMA, MR AND CT IMAGING 1 INTRODUCTION 2 POLYCHELATING POLYMER-BASED IMMUNO CONJUGATES FOR TARGETED DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING 3 POLYCHELATING AMPHIPHILIC POLYMERS (PAP) AS KEY COMPONENTS OF MICROPARTICULATE DIAGNOSTIC AGENTS 4 CT-VISUALIZATION OF BLOOD POOL WITH LONG-CRICULATING IODINE-CONTAINING MICELLES CONJUGATION CHEMISTRIES TO REDUCE RENAL RADIOACTIVITY LEVELS OF ANTIBODY FRAGMENTS CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 2 RENAL HANDLING OF ANTIBODY FRAGMENTS 3 METABOLIZABLE LINKAGES TO FACILITATE EXCRETION OF RADIOMETABOLITES FROM RENAL LYSOSOMES 4 METABOLIZABLE LINKAGES TO LIBERATE RADIOMETABOLITES FROM ANTIBODY FRAGMENTS BY RENAL BRUSH BORDER ENZYMES SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE AND THEIR POLYMERS AS VACCINES 1 INTRODUCTION 2 CONCLUSION DEVELOPMENT OF FUSOGENIC LIPOSOMES AND ITS APPLICATION FOR VACCINE 1 INTRODUCTION 2 FL CAN DELIVER MATERIALS INTO CYTOPLASM 3 FL AS A GENE TRANSFER VECTOR 4 FL AS A VACCINE CARRIER A NOVEL HYDROPHOBIZED POLYSACCHARIDE/ ONCOPROTEIN COMPLEX VACCINE FOR HER2 GENE EXPRESSING CANCER 1 INTRODUCTION 2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3 CONCLUSION PART 3 POLYMERS IN GENE THERAPY CHAPTER PHARMACEUTICAL ASPECTS OF GENE THERAPY CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 2 POTENTIAL DISEASE TARGETS FOR GENE THERAPY 3 CLINICAL TRIALS OF GENE THERAPY 4 VIRAL GENE DELIVERY SYSTEMS 5 NON-VIRAL GENE DELIVERY SYSTEMS 6 POLYMER-BASED NON-VIRAL GENE DELIVERY SYSTEMS HIGH-MOLECULAR WEIGHT POLYETHYLENE GLYCOLS CONJUGATED TO ANTISENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDES GIAN MARIA BONORA 1 INTRODUCTION 2 POLYMER-CONJUGATED OLIGONUCLEOTIDES 3 LIQUID-PHASE SYNTHESIS OF PEG-CONJUGATED OLIGONUCLEOTIDES PHOTODYNAMIC ANTISENSE REGULATION OF HUMAN CERVICAL CARCINOMA CELL AKIRA MURAKAMI, ASAKO YAMAYOSHI, REIKO IWASE, JUN-ICHI NISHIDA, TETSUJI YAMAOKA, AND NORIO WAKE 1 INTRODUCTION IN VITRO GENE DELIVERY BY USING SUPRAMOLECULAR SYSTEMS TOSHIHORI SATO, HIROYUKU AKINO, HIROTAKE NISHI, TETSUYA ISHIZUKA, TSUYOSHI ISHII, AND YOSHIO OKAHATA 1 INTRODUCTION 2 THE DNA/PEG-LIPID COMPLEX 3 THE DNA/GLYCOLIPID COMPLEX 4 THE DNA/CHITOSAN COMPLEX RIBOZYME TECHNOLOGY 1: HAMMERHEAD RIBOZYMES AS TOOLS FOR THE SUPPRESSION OF GENE EXPRESSION 1 INTRODUCTION 2 PARTICIPATION OF THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL CO-ACTIVATOR CBP IN SEVERAL SIGNALING PATHWAYS 3 CONSTRUCTION OF TRNA EXPRESSION OF THE GENE FOR CBP 4 A ROLE FOR THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL CO-ACTIVATOR CBP DURING THE RA-INDUCED DIFFERENTIATION OF F9 CELLS RIBOZYME TECHNOLOGY 2: NOVEL ALLOSTERICALLY CONTROLLABLE RIBOZYMES, THE MAXIZYMES, WITH CONSIDERABLE POTENTIAL AS GENE-INACTIVATING AGENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 2 DISCOVERY OF MAXIZYMES THAT ACT AS A DIMERIC FORM OF SHORT RIBOZYMES 3 DETECTION OF THE FORMATION OF MAXIZYME DIMERS BY HIGH- RESOLUTION NMR SPECTROSCOPY 4 CONSTRUCTION OF TRNA EMBEDDED MAXIZYMES AND DETECTION OF THE FORMATION OF DIMERIC STRUCTURES BY TRNA EMBEDDED MAXIZYMES 5 THE INTRACELLULAR ACTIVITIES OF TRNA DIMERIC MAXIZYMES; SIMULTANEOUS CLEAVAGE OF HIV-1 TAT MRNA AT TWO INDEPENDENT SITES BY HETERODINERIC MAXIZYMES 6 CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA (CML) AND THE POTENTIAL FOR RIBOZYME THERAPY 7 SPECIFIC DESIGN OF AN ALLOSTERICALLY CONTROLLABLE MAXIZYME 8 SPECIFICITY OF THE CLEAVAGE OF THE CHIMIERIC BCR-ABL SUBSTRATE IN VITRO 9 THE ACTIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF THE MAXIZYME AGAINST AN ENDOGENOUS BCR-ABL CELLULAR TARGET BY THE MAXIZYME 11 CONCLUSION PART BIOMEDICAL POLYMERS AND POLYMER THERAPEUTICS