PHOTOPHYSIOLOGY: ACTION OF LIGHT ON ANIMALS AND MICROORGANISMS; PHOTOBIOCHEMICAL MECHANISMS; BIOLUMINESCENCE

By DAVID MARTINEZ

CONTENTS MODELING HUMAN PROSTATE CANCER IN GENETICALLY ENGINEERED MICE I INTRODUCTION II TECHNOLOGIES FOR CREATING GEM MODELS III PROSTATE TUMOR MODELS DRIVEN BY SV40 T ANTIGENS IV PROTOONCOGENE-DRIVEN MODELS V THE TUMOR SUPPRESSOR MODELS VI ANDROGEN SIGNALING DISRUPTION MODELS VII MODELS WITH ABERRANT CELL SIGNALING VIII REMARKS REFERENCES MODELING CANCERS IN DROSOPHILA II DROSOPHILA AND CANCER CELL GROWTH III DROSOPHILA, CANCER AND TISSUE GROWTH IV DROSOPHILA, CANCER, DIFFERENTIATION, AND STEMNESS V DROSOPHILA, CANCER AND CELL POLARITY VI DROSOPHILA AND METASTASIS VII DROSOPHILA AND CANCER CELL ENVIRONMENT VIII DROSOPHILA AND SPECI?C CANCER MODELS IX CONCLUSION PROBING HUMAN CARDIOVASCULAR CONGENITAL DISEASE USING TRANSGENIC MOUSE MODELS II CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS III GENETIC BASIS OF DISEASE IV THE MOUSE AS A GENETIC MODEL V TRANSGENIC MICE VI GENE KNOCKOUT AND GENE KNOCKIN MICE VII CONDITIONAL KNOCKOUT MICE VIII INDUCIBLE MICE IX FORWARD GENETIC APPROACHES X COMMON CHDS XI CONCLUSION DISSECTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DEVELOPMENT AND DISEASE PATHWAYS IN ZEBRAFISH I THE IMPACT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND NEED FOR DISEASE MODELS II CURRENT ANIMAL MODELS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE III MOLECULAR TOOLS TO STUDY ZEBRA?SH IV APPROACHES TO GENERATE ZEBRA?SH MODELS FOR DISEASE V ZEBRA?SH AS A MODEL SYSTEM FOR THE STUDY OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE VI EARLY CARDIOVASCULAR DEVELOPMENT IN ZEBRA?SH IS SIMILAR TO HUMANS VII CONSERVED GENE PROGRAMS, CELL BEHAVIOR, AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS VIII ZEBRA?SH CARDIOVASCULAR MUTANTS AS DISEASE MODELS IX MODELS FOR STUDYING HEMODYNAMIC FORCES AND VALVE DISEASE X CONTRIBUTION OF BLOOD FLOW TO VESSEL DEVELOPMENT XI GENES ASSOCIATED WITH CARDIOMYOPATHIES ARE REQUIRED FOR CONTRACTILE FUNCTION XII GENE DEFECTS THAT CAUSE ARRHYTHMIAS XIII SHARED PATHWAYS IN ZEBRA?SH DEVELOPMENT AND HUMAN VASCULAR DISEASES XIV MOLECULES REQUIRED FOR VESSEL FORMATION AND REPAIR XV FROM VASCULAR BIOLOGY RESEARCH TO ANTIANGIOGENIC THERAPY XVI VESSEL GUIDANCE IN DEVELOPMENT AND DISEASE XVII LYMPHANGIOGENESIS AND LYMPHATIC VESSEL DYSFUNCTION XVIII MODELS FOR VASCULAR ANOMALIES XIX NEW DIRECTIONS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR BIOLOGY XX SUMMARY DROSOPHILA MODELS OF CARDIAC DISEASE II EMBRYONIC CARDIAC DEVELOPMENT III CARDIAC FIELD IV CARDIOMYOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION V MIGRATION/ADHESION VI LARVAL HEART FUNCTION VII PACEMAKER REGULATION VIII ADULT FUNCTIONAL MODELS IX SINGLE-GENE DISEASE MODELS X DISEASE MECHANISMS XI UNBIASED SCREENS—DISEASE PHENOTYPES XII CARDIAC AGING XIII DIET AND EXERCISE XIV SUMMARY ANIMAL MODELS OF RETINAL DISEASE II OVERVIEW OF RETINAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION III GENETICS OF RETINAL DISEASE IV RP: A FAMILY OF INHERITED PHOTORECEPTOR DEGENERATIONS V LCA: A SEVERE RETINAL DEGENERATION CAUSED BY ANOMALIES IN RPE, GLIAL OR PHOTORECEPTOR DYSFUNCTION VI CSNB: AN OPPORTUNITY TO BETTER UNDERSTAND OUTER RETINAL SIGNALING VII INHERITED MACULAR DEGENERATIONS VIII AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION IX ANIMAL MODELS OF RETINAL VASCULAR DISEASES X ANIMAL MODELS OF OPTIC NERVE DISEASE XI CONCLUSIONS TOWARD A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF HUMAN EYE DISEASE: INSIGHTS FROM THE ZEBRAFISH, DANIO RERIO JONATHAN BIBLIOWICZ, RACHEL K TITTLE, AND JEFFREY M GROSS I INTRODUCTION II POSTERIOR SEGMENT III ANTERIOR SEGMENT IV CONCLUDING REMARKS 800 FACETS OF RETINAL DEGENERATION I RETINAL DISEASES II UNDERSTANDING THE DEVELOPMENTAL PROCESS OF RETINAL CELL TYPES III CONSERVED FACTORS INVOLVED IN EYE DEVELOPMENT IV PHOTORECEPTOR STRUCTURE COMPARISON V FACTORS REGULATING PHOTORECEPTOR MORPHOGENESIS AND MAINTENANCE VI PHOTOTRANSDUCTION AND DISEASE VII SUMMARY AND CONCLUDING REMARKS ANIMAL MODELS OF GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISORDERS II DEFECTS IN GLYCOLYSIS III DEFECTS IN GLYCOGEN SYNTHESIS IV DEFECTS IN GLYCOGEN DEGRADATION V UNKNOWN MECHANISMS OF GLYCOGEN ACCUMULATION VI CONCLUSION MODELING DISORDERS OF FATTY ACID METABOLISM IN THE MOUSE I INTRODUCTION TO FATTY ACID OXIDATION II OVERVIEW OF THE MITOCHONDRIAL PATHWAY III GENETIC MODELS OF FATTY ACID OXIDATION DISORDERS IV NONGENETIC MODELS OF FATTY ACID OXIDATION DISORDERS V LEGACY OF MOUSE MODELS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS GENETIC MOUSE MODELS OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES II PARKINSON’S DISEASE III MOUSE MODELS OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE IV MOUSE MODELS FOR HD V MOUSE MODELS FOR ALS VI CONCLUSIONS DEMISE OF THE FLIES: WHY DROSOPHILA MODELS STILL MATTER I THE MAKING OF A FLY MODEL II ALZHEIMER DISEASE III PARKINSON’S DISEASE IV POLYGLUTAMINE DISEASE V AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS VI CONCLUDING REMARKS WATCHING WORMS WHITHER: MODELING NEURODEGENERATION IN C ELEGANS II MODELING THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF AD: B-AMYLOID, TAU, AND PRESENILIN III MODELING DOPAMINERGIC DYSFUNCTION IV MODELS OF PARKINSON’S DISEASE: NEUROTOXINS, A-SYNUCLEIN, AND LRRK2 V MODELS OF AXONAL DEGENERATION: LASER ABLATION