ANIMAL LIFE IN DESERTS

By W. JANAO

CONTENTS ONE INTRODUCTION: ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION, PUBLIC OPINION, AND PHILOSOPHICAL DEBATE 1 ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION 2 GENETICALLY MODIFIED ANIMALS 3 PUBLIC ATTITUDES TOWARD ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION 4 PUBLIC ATTITUDES TOWARD GENETICALLY MODIFIED ANIMALS 5 THE PHILOSOPHICAL DEBATE 6 OUTLINE TWO FIVE ETHICAL PROTOTYPES OF ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION 1 HUMAN DOMINION 2 EQUAL CONSIDERATION OF INTERESTS 3 ANIMAL RIGHTS 4 STRONG HUMAN PRIORITY 5 WEAK HUMAN PRIORITY 6 A SPECTRUM OF VIEWS THREE THE CASE FOR “WEAK HUMAN PRIORITY” 1 LEGAL REGULATION AND THE FIVE PROTOTYPES 2 ETHICAL THEORY 3 KEY METAPHORS 4 INTRINSIC AND RELATIONAL PROPERTIES 5 REASON AND FEELINGS 6 IMPARTIALITY AND SPECIAL OBLIGATIONS 7 FROM “IS” TO “OUGHT” 8 STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE FIVE PROTOTYPES 9 PROPOSAL: WEAK HUMAN PRIORITY 10 DIFFERENCES COMPARED TO MIDGLEY’S VERSION 11 MORAL IMAGINATION AND IMAGINATIVE CASUISTRY 12 MORAL IMAGINATION IN ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION FOUR THE SCIENTIFIC VALUE OF ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION 1 ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION IN PRESENT-DAY BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH 2 PROTOTYPICAL CASES OF SCIENTIFICALLY VALUABLE ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS 3 THE CON ARGUMENT FROM CAUSAL DISANALOGY 4 OBJECTIONS TO THE CON ARGUMENT FROM CAUSAL DISANALOGY 5 THE 3RS: REPLACEMENT, REDUCTION, REFINEMENT 6 IMPLICATIONS OF THE FIVE PROTOTYPES FOR THE 3RS 7 THE 3RS: PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS FIVE ANIMAL WELFARE AND ETHICAL BALANCING 1 THREE ANIMAL WELFARE CONCERNS 2 A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH 3 CONCEPTUAL IMPLICATIONS 4 ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS 5 ANIMAL SENTIENCE 6 ANIMAL WELFARE IN ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION 7 ETHICAL BALANCING IN ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION SIX GENETICALLY MODIFIED ANIMALS IN RESEARCH 1 IMPLICATIONS OF THE FIVE PROTOTYPES 2 SCIENTIFIC CONCERNS 3 INTRINSIC ETHICAL CONCERNS 4 ANIMAL WELFARE CONCERNS 5 ETHICAL TRADE-OFF: FOUR CASES 6 CONCLUSION WORKS CITED