THE HANDY BIOLOGY ANSWER BOOK

By CHARLOTTE JACKSON

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION BASICS OF BIOLOGY BIOLOGY AND LIFE CLASSIFICATION OF LIFE BASIC CHEMISTRY FOR BIOLOGY MOLECULES AND BIOLOGY MOLECULES AND ENERGY FERMENTATION ENZYMES—AND PROTEINS—AT WORK CELLULAR BASICS HISTORICAL VIEWS OF CELLS PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC CELLS STRUCTURES INSIDE CELLS CELL WALLS AND MEMBRANES PLANT CELL BASICS CELL DIVISION CELL RESPONSES BACTERIA, VIRUSES, AND PROTISTS HISTORICAL INTEREST IN BACTERIA BACTERIA BASICS VIRUS BASICS PROTISTS FUNGI HISTORICAL INTEREST IN FUNGI CLASSIFYING FUNGI FUNGI BASICS FUNGI IN THE ENVIRONMENT MUSHROOMS AND EDIBLE FUNGI LICHENS YEASTS PLANT DIVERSITY EARLY PLANTS HISTORICAL INTEREST IN PLANTS BOTANY BASICS BRYOPHYTES TRACHEOPHYTES—FERNS TRACHEOPHYTES—GYMNOSPERMS TRACHEOPHYTES—FLOWERING PLANTS (ANGIOSPERMS) PLANT STRUCTURE, FUNCTION, AND USE PLANT STRUCTURES SEEDS ROOTS SHOOTS, STEMS, AND LEAVES FLOWERS PLANTS AND SOILS PLANT RESPONSES TO STIMULI PLANT USES AQUATIC AND LAND ANIMAL DIVERSITY HISTORIC INTEREST IN ANIMAL DIVERSITY ANIMALS IN GENERAL AQUATIC ANIMALS IN BETWEEN SEA AND LAND AQUATIC AND LAND ARTHROPODS LAND ANIMALS MAMMALS ANATOMY: ANIMALS INSIDE ANIMAL ANATOMY BASICS TISSUE AND CELLS ORGANS AND ORGAN SYSTEMS DIGESTION RESPIRATION CIRCULATORY SYSTEM EXCRETORY SYSTEM SKELETAL SYSTEM PHYSIOLOGY: ANIMAL FUNCTION AND REPRODUCTION PHYSIOLOGY BASICS ENDOCRINE SYSTEM NERVOUS SYSTEM IMMUNE SYSTEM ANIMAL SENSES REPRODUCTION ANIMAL BEHAVIOR BEHAVIOR BASICS ANIMAL INSTINCT, LEARNING, AND EMOTIONS BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY BEHAVIOR OF ANIMALS IN MOTION DNA, RNA, CHROMOSOMES, AND GENES HISTORY OF NUCLEIC ACIDS DNA AND RNA CHROMOSOMES GENES GENETICS AND THE HUMAN GENOME GENETIC MUTATIONS HEREDITY, NATURAL SELECTION, AND EVOLUTION EARLY STUDIES IN HEREDITY NATURAL SELECTION HIGHLIGHTS OF EVOLUTION EXTINCTION SPECIES AND POPULATION ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY THE EARTH’S ENVIRONMENT BIOMES ENDANGERED PLANTS AND ANIMALS CONSERVATION ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES BIOLOGY IN THE LABORATORY HISTORICAL INTEREST IN BIOTECHNOLOGY A LOOK AT A GENETICS LAB CLONING DNA IN THE LAB INSIDE OTHER BIOTECH LABS SEEING SMALL BIOTECH LABS AND FOOD BIOLOGY AND YOU BEING HUMAN YOU AND YOUR CELLS YOU AND YOUR BODY YOU AND YOUR GENES YOU, BACTERIA, AND VIRUSES YOU AND FOOD YOU AND THE “OTHER” ANIMALS