CHEMICAL ZOOLOGY: ECHINODERMATA, NEMATODA, AND ACANTHOCEPHALA
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO INVERTEBRATES Introduction 1 History of Invertebrates 2 Protozoa 12 Porifera 30 References 40 CHAPTER 2 MEDICAL PROTOZOLOGY AND AMOEBIASIS Introduction 41 Occurrence of Protozoa 42 Entamoeba Histolytica 63 Other Amebae Inhabiting the Alimentary Canal 71 Pathogenic Free-living Amoebae 74 Nutrition and Metabolism of Protozoa 75 References 84 CHAPTER 3 PATHOGENIC FLAGELLATES Introduction 87 Luminal Flagellates 88 Haemoflagelates 97 Trypanosomiasis 116 Nutrition and Metabolism of Flagellates 121 References 123 CHAPTER 4 AMPHIBIA Introduction 125 Meaning of Amphibian 126 Frog 128 Parental Care 140 Classification of Amphibia Animals 147 Nutrition and Health in Amphibian Husbandry 165 Amphibian Diet and Nutrition 166 References 169 CHAPTER 5 NEMATODES Introduction 171 Overview of Nematodes 172 Intestinal Nematodes 182 Life Cycle of Intestinal Nematodes 187 Tissue Nematode Infections 204 Filariasis 210 Metabolism of Plant Sterols by Nematodes 215 References 217 CHAPTER 6 REPTILIA Introduction 219 Types of Reptiles 220 Basic concept of Uromastix 223 Poison Apparatus in Snakes 230 Nutrition in Reptiles 256 References 261 CHAPTER 7 HEMICHORDATA Introduction 263 Basic Concept of Hemichordata 264 General Characters of Hemichordates 277 Balanoglossus, Structure and Affinities 286 External Features of Hemichordata: Enteropneusta (Acorn Worms) 295 References 298 CHAPTER 8 PLATYHELMINTHES AND NEMATHELMINTHES Introduction 299 Basic concept of Platyhelminthes 300 Nemathelminthes 311 Nutritional Adaptations to Parasitism within the Platyhelminthes 318 References 321