A NORMAL COURSE IN NATURE-SCIENCE AND AGRICULTURE
CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY BACKGROUND FOR THE STUDY, COMMITTEE CHARGE AND APPROACH, MECHANISMS BY WHICH UNINTENDED COMPOSITIONAL CHANGES IN FOOD OCCUR AS A RESULT OF BREEDING OR PROPAGATION METHOD, METHODS TO DETECT UNINTENDED CHANGES IN FOOD COMPOSITION, METHODS TO ASSESS THE POTENTIAL HUMAN CONSEQUENCES OF UNINTENDED COMPOSITIONAL CHANGES IN FOOD, FRAMEWORK FOR IDENTIFYING AND ASSESSING UNINTENDED ADVERSE EFFECTS FROM GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS, CONCLUSION, INTRODUCTION HISTORICAL BACKGROUND, GENETIC MODIFICATION OF FOOD, THE CHARGE TO THE COMMITTEE, REFERENCES, METHODS AND MECHANISMS FOR GENETIC MANIPULATION OF PLANTS, ANIMALS, AND MICROORGANISMS BACKGROUND, PLANT GENETIC MODIFICATION, ANIMAL GENETIC MODIFICATION, GENETIC MODIFICATION OF MICROBES, UNINTENDED EFFECTS FROM BREEDING PLANT BREEDING, ANIMAL BREEDING, MECHANISMS BY WHICH UNINTENDED EFFECTS IN GENETICALLY ENGINEERED ORGANISMS ARISE, THE GENETIC MANIPULATION CONTINUUM, DISCUSSION, NEW APPROACHES FOR IDENTIFYING UNINTENDED CHANGES IN FOOD COMPOSITION TARGETED QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS VERSUS PROFILING METHODS, NONTARGETED ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR METABOLITES, BIOINFORMATIC ISSUES IN PROFILING ANALYSIS, PROFILING METHODS FOR ANALYSIS OF INORGANIC ELEMENTS OF NUTRITIONAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE, GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS, INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM NEW ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, ADVERSE IMPACTS OF FOOD ON HUMAN HEALTH INTRODUCTION, FOOD SAFETY HAZARDS IN FOOD PRODUCTS, SAFETY HAZARDS IN FOOD PRODUCTS ASSOCIATED WITH GENETIC MODIFICATION, METHODS FOR PREDICTING AND ASSESSING UNINTENDED EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH STAGES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF GENETICALLY ENGINEERED FOODS, SUBSTANTIAL EQUIVALENCE AND ITS ROLE IN SAFETY ASSESSMENT, CURRENT SAFETY STANDARDS FOR GENETICALLY ENGINEERED FOODS, SAFETY ASSESSMENT PRIOR TO COMMERCIALIZATION, APPLICATION, VALIDATION, AND LIMITATIONS OF TOOLS FOR IDENTIFYING AND PREDICTING UNINTENDED EFFECTS, EVALUATION OF POSSIBLE UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES OF INSERTED GENES, TOOLS FOR PREDICTING AND ASSESSING UNINTENDED EFFECTS, NEED FOR CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES, SAFETY ASSESSMENT AFTER COMMERCIALIZATION, FRAMEWORK, FINDINGS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSING POTENTIAL UNINTENDED EFFECTS, FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS, CONCLUDING REMARKS,