ECOLOGY OF SOIL SEED BANKS

By Z. MAENI

CONTENTS 1 LIFE HISTORIES, REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES AND ALLOCATION 1 1 SEXUAL VS ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS 1 2 LIFE HISTORIES AND SURVIVAL SCHEDULES 1 3 VARIABILITY OF SEED CROPS 1 4 THE COST OF REPRODUCTION 1 5 REPRODUCTIVE ALLOCATION AND EFFORT 1 6 SEED SIZE AND NUMBER 1 7 PHENOTYPIC VARIATION IN SEED SIZE 2 PRE-DISPERSAL HAZARDS 2 1 FRUIT AND SEED SET 2 2 INCOMPLETE POLLINATION 2 3 OVULE ABORTION 2 4 RESOURCE LIMITATION 2 5 PRE-DISPERSAL SEED PREDATION 3 SEED DISPERSAL 3 1 WIND DISPERSAL 3 2 DISPERSAL BY BIRDS AND MAMMALS 3 3 MYRMECOCHORY 3 4 WATER AND BALLISTIC DISPERSAL 3 5 MAN, HIS LIVESTOCK AND MACHINERY 3 6 EVOLUTION OF DISPERSAL 3 7 SOME ?NAL QUESTIONS 4 SOIL SEED BANKS 4 1 SEED BANKS IN PRACTICE 4 2 DORMANCY AND SEED SIZE 4 3 PREDICTING SEED PERSISTENCE; HARD SEEDS 4 4 SEED-BANK DYNAMICS 4 5 SEROTINY 4 6 ECOLOGICAL SIGNI?CANCE OF SEED BANKS 5 SEED DORMANCY 5 1 TYPES OF SEED DORMANCY 5 2 THE FUNCTION OF SEED DORMANCY 5 3 DE?NING DORMANCY 5 4 MICROBES AND SEED DORMANCY 5 5 EFFECTS OF PARENTAL ENVIRONMENT ON DORMANCY 6 GERMINATION 6 1 TEMPERATURE AND GERMINATION 6 2 RESPONSES OF SEEDS TO LIGHT 6 3 WATER AVAILABILITY DURING GERMINATION 6 4 THE SOIL CHEMICAL ENVIRONMENT 6 5 EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE 7 POST-DISPERSAL HAZARDS 7 1 POST-DISPERSAL PREDATION 7 2 LOSS TO PATHOGENS 7 3 FATAL GERMINATION AT DEPTH 7 4 LOSS OF VIABILITY WITH AGE 8 SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT 8 1 EARLY GROWTH OF SEEDLINGS 8 2 SEEDLING MORPHOLOGY 8 3 RELATIVE GROWTH RATE 8 4 SEEDLING MINERAL REQUIREMENTS 8 5 FACTORS LIMITING ESTABLISHMENT 8 6 MYCORRHIZAL INOCULATION OF SEEDLINGS 8 7 FACILITATION 8 8 PLASTICITY 9 GAPS, REGENERATION AND DIVERSITY 9 1 GAPS, PATCHES AND SAFE SITES 9 2 ‘GAPS’ DIF?CULT TO DE?NE AND DETECT 9 3 LIMITATIONS TO RECRUITMENT IN GAPS 9 4 MICROTOPOGRAPHY OF SOIL SURFACE 9 5 GAPS AND SPECIES DIVERSITY REFERENCES