MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE PARATHYROID

By BARBARA JOHNSON

CONTENTS 1 DEVELOPMENT OF PARATHYROID GLANDS PHYSIOLOGY OF THE PARATHYROID GLANDS DEVELOPMENT OF PARATHYROID GLANDS IN VERTEBRATES GENETIC CONTROL OF PARATHYROID GLAND DEVELOPMENT 2 PARATHYROID HORMONE, FROM GENE TO PROTEIN THE PREPRO PTH PEPTIDE HOMOLOGY OF THE MATURE PTH THE PTH MRNA CLONING OF THE PTH CDNAS HOMOLOGY OF THE CDNA SEQUENCES STRUCTURE OF THE PTH MRNA THE PTH GENE THE 5’ FLANKING REGION THE 3' FLANKING REGION CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION OF THE HUMAN PTH GENE 3 TOWARD AN UNDERSTANDING OF HUMAN PARATHYROID HORMONE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION PTH AND ITS RECEPTOR FAMILY PTH STRUCTURAL DETERMINATION STRUCTURAL BASED DESIGN OF PTH ANALOGS 4 THE CALCIUM SENSING RECEPTOR BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CAR DISORDERS PRESENTING WITH ABNORMALITIES IN CALCIUM METABOLISM AND IN THE CAR SIGNALING PATHWAYS OF THE CAR DRUGS ACTING ON THE CAR 5 REGULATION OF PARATHYROID HORMONE MRNA STABILITY BY CALCIUM AND PHOSPHATE REGULATION OF THE PARATHYROID GLAND BY CALCIUM AND PHOSPHATE PROTEIN BINDING AND PTH MRNA STABILITY IDENTIFICATION OF THE PTH MRNA 3’-UTR BINDING PROTEINS AND THEIR FUNCTION IDENTIFICATION OF THE MINIMAL CIS ACTING PROTEIN BINDING ELEMENT IN THE PTH MRNA 3’-UTR THE STRUCTURE OF THE PTH CIS ACTING ELEMENT 6 IN SILICO ANALYSIS OF REGULATORY SEQUENCES IN THE HUMAN PARATHYROID HORMONE GENE GLOBAL HOMOLOGY OF PTH GENE BETWEEN HUMAN AND MOUSE COMPUTER ASSISTED SEARCH FOR POTENTIAL CIS-REGULATORY ELEMENTS IN PTH GENE PHYLOGENETIC FOOTPRINT: IDENTIFICATION OF TF BINDING SITES BY COMPARISON OF REGULATORY REGIONS OF PTH GENE OF DIFFERENT ORGANISMS DISCUSSION 7 REGULATION OF PARATHYROID HORMONE GENE EXPRESSION BY 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF THE PTH GENE BY 1,25(OH)2D3 ON THE PTH GENE PTH DEGRADATION SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM AND PARATHYROID CELL PROLIFERATION 8 VITAMIN D ANALOGS FOR THE TREATMENT OF SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROISM IN CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE PATHOGENESIS OF SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM IN CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE TREATMENT OF SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM MECHANISMS FOR THE SELECTIVITY OF VITAMIN D ANALOGS FUTURE PERSPECTIVES 9 PARATHYROID GLAND HYPERPLASIA IN RENAL FAILURE PARATHYROID TISSUE GROWTH IN NORMAL CONDITIONS AND IN RENAL FAILURE DIETARY PHOSPHATE REGULATION OF PARATHYROID CELL GROWTH IN UREMIA VITAMIN D REGULATION OF UREMIA- AND HIGH PHOSPHATE-INDUCED PARATHYROID CELL GROWTH CALCIUM REGULATION OF UREMIA-INDUCED PARATHYROID GROWTH 10 MOLECULAR MECHANISMS IN PARATHYROID TUMORIGENESIS ONCOGENES INVOLVED IN PARATHYROID TUMOR DEVELOPMENT TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES INVOLVED IN PARATHYROID TUMORIGENESIS OTHER MOLECULAR PATHWAYS INVOLVED IN PARATHYROID TUMORIGENESIS 11 MOLECULAR GENETIC ABNORMALITIES IN SPORADIC HYPERPARATHYROIDISM IMPLICATIONS OF THE MONOCLONALITY OF PARATHYROID TUMORS MOLECULAR GENETICS OF PARATHYROID ADENOMAS MOLECULAR GENETICS OF PARATHYROID CARCINOMA MOLECULAR GENETICS OF SECONDARY AND TERTIARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM 12 GENETIC CAUSES OF HYPOPARATHYROIDISM DISORDERS OF PARATHYROID GLAND FORMATION DISORDERS OF PARATHYROID HORMONE SYNTHESIS OR SECRETION PARATHYROID GLAND DESTRUCTION RESISTANCE TO PARATHYROID HORMONE 13 SKELETAL AND REPRODUCTIVE ABNORMALITIES IN PTH-NULL MICE RESULTS MATERIALS AND METHODS