VIRUS LIFE IN DIAGRAMS
CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 2 A SUMMARY OF VIRUS CLASSIFICATION 4 CHAPTER 3 THE REPLICATION CYCLE 9 CHAPTER 4 COMPARATIVE DIAGRAMS 16 CHAPTER 5 DNA VIRUSES 38 CHAPTER 6 VIRUSES WITH REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION 166 CHAPTER 7 RNA VIRUSES 199 CHAPTER 8 MISCELLANY 288 T CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION HIS BOOK IS A SEQUEL TO THE ATLAS OF VIRUS DIAGRAMS PUBLISHED IN 1995 AND CONCERNED WITH VIRAL MORPHOLOGY ITS AIM IS TO ASSEMBLE THE MANY DIAGRAMS OF VIRAL LIFE CYCLES PARTICLE ASSEMBLY AND STRATEGIES OF NUCLEIC ACID REPLICATION THAT ARE SCATTERED OVER THE LITERATURE AS WAS ITS PREDECESSOR THIS BOOK IS DIRECTED AT TEACHERS AND STUDENTS THE TITLE REFLECTS THE FACT THAT VIRUSES ARE INERT IN THE ENVIRONMENT AND COME TO LIFE DURING THEIR MULTIPLICATION WITHIN LIVING CELLS VIROLOGY MAKES EXTENSIVE USE OF DIAGRAMS TO ILLUSTRATE PARTICLE MORPHOLOGY AND MORPHOGENESIS VIRAL GENETIC AND REPLICATION CYCLES EPIDEMIOLOGY AND REPLICATION OF VIRAL DISEASES AND VIROLOGICAL TECHNIQUES THEIR FUNCTION IS TO INTEGRATE LARGE NUMBERS OF DATA OF DIFFERENT ORIGIN FROM ELECTRON MICROSCOPY TO AMINO ACID COMPOSITION AND CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS INTO A SINGLE PICTURE OR A SEQUENCE OF RELATED DIAGRAMS PHOTOGRAPHS AND EXPERIMENTAL DATA USUALLY ILLUSTRATE THE STATE OR ACTIVITY OF A VIRUS AT A GIVEN MOMENT DIAGRAMS TRANSCEND THIS MOMENT AND ARE THUS IDEALLY SUITED TO ILLUSTRATE THE TIME COURSE OF VIRAL LIFE CYCLES AND THE STEPS OF VIRAL NUCLEIC ACID REPLICATION SOME DIAGRAMS INTENDED TO PROMOTE UNDERSTANDING AND FUTURE RESEARCH CONTAIN SPECULATIVE ELEMENTS AND SOME REFLECT PERSONAL VIEWS OR INTERPRETATIONAL ERRORS OF THE DAY OTHERS ARE HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS AND TIME CAPSULES ILLUSTRATING THE DEVELOPMENT OF VIROLOGY FOR EXAMPLE THE NATURE OF LYSOGENY IS EXPLAINED IN A DIAGRAM FROM 1953 AND A SERIES OF DRAWINGS FROM 1962 FEATURING VIRUS INFECTED CELLS SHOWS THAT THE CYTOPATHIC EFFECTS AND GENERAL LIFE CYCLES OF MANY MAMMALIAN VIRUSES WERE KNOWN AT AN EARLY DATE FINALLY MANY DIAGRAMMATICAL REPRESENTATIONS OF VIRAL DEVELOPMENT ARE TRUE ARTISTIC CREATIONS THAT DESERVE PRESERVATION IN THEIR OWN RIGHT THE 233 DIAGRAMS IN THIS BOOK WERE SELECTED FROM ABOUT 1000 DRAWINGS FROM OVER 50 PERIODICALS AND 150 BOOKS OR MONOGRAPHS FROM THE ENGLISH FRENCH AND GERMAN LITERATURE MOST DIAGRAMS WERE FROM A FEW CORE JOURNALS NOTABLY ADVANCES IN VIRUS RESEARCH VIROLOGY JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY AND JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY SCIENTIFIC CONTENT WAS THE PRIME CRITERION FOR SELECTION FOLLOWED BY CLARITY AND DIDACTIC VALUE ORIGINALITY OF CONCEPT ESTHETIC APPEAL AND HISTORIC INTEREST VERTEBRATE VIRUSES AND THE TAILED BACTERIOPHAGES T4 AND WERE WELL ILLUSTRATED IN THE LITERATURE OFTEN WITH CONSIDERABLE DETAIL REPRESENTATIONS OF RETROVIRUS AND HERPESVIRUS LIFE CYCLES WERE PARTICULARLY FREQUENT BUT MANY OTHER GENERALLY LESS KNOWN VIRUSES WERE NOT ILLUSTRATED AT ALL AS A CONSEQUENCE THE DIAGRAMS IN THIS BOOK ILLUSTRATE THE MORPHOGENESIS AND REPLICATION OF ONLY 30 VIRUS FAMILIES AND SIX NONCLASSIFIED FLOATING GENERA PLANT 1 1