AN INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY
CHAPTER FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOLOGY 1 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE 1 3 LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION OF LIVING THINGS 1 4 DIVERSITY OF LIFE 1 5 BRANCHES OF THE BIOLOGICAL STUDY 1 6 PROCESS OF SCIENCE 1 7 NATURE OF SCIENCE 1 8 BASIC AND THE APPLIED SCIENCE 1 9 REPORTING SCIENTIFIC WORK REFERENCES CELL STRUCTURE AND ITS CHARACTERIZATION 2 1 INTRODUCTION 2 2 MICROSCOPY 2 3 COMPARING EUKARYOTIC AND PROKARYOTIC CELLS 2 4 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EUKARYOTIC CELLS 2 5 CELL ORGANELLS 2 6 ANIMAL CELLS VS PLANT CELLS 2 7 CELL MEMBRANE AND THE FLUID MOSAIC MODEL CHEMICAL BUILDING BLOCKS OF LIFE 3 1 INTRODUCTION 3 2 CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CARBON 3 4 THE PROBABILITY OF SI-BASED LIFE 3 5 OTHER ALTERNATIVES AS UNIVERSAL BUILDING BLOCK OF THE LIFE BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES 4 1 INTRODUCTION 4 2 AMPHIPATHIC LIPIDS CREATE BILAYERS 4 3 BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES AND FLUID MOSAIC MODEL 4 4 MEMBRANE FABRICATION 4 5 MEMBRANE PROTEINS 4 6 INTERNAL MEMBRANES IN THE EUKARYOTIC CELLS CREATE ORGANELLES INTRODUCTION TO PHOTOSYNTHESIS 5 1 INTRODUCTION 5 2 THE SITE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN PLANTS 5 3 PHOTOSYNTHETIC PROTON AND THE ELECTRON TRANSFER CHAIN 5 4 HOW THE PHOTOSYSTEMS FUNCTION 5 5 OTHER TRANSFER OF ELECTRON CHAIN COMPONENTS BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION 6 1 INTRODUCTION 6 2 KINGDOM MONERA 6 3 KINGDOM PROTISTA 6 4 KINGDOM FUNGI 6 5 KINGDOM PLANTAE 6 6 KINGDOM ANIMALIA 6 7 VIRUSES, LICHENS AND VIROIDS FUNDAMENTALS OF GENETICS 7 1 INTRODUCTION 7 2 GENES AND THE HUMAN GENOME 7 3 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF GENES 7 4 GENE MUTATION 7 5 PATTERNS OF GENETIC TRANSMISSION 7 6 GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY ENERGY AND METABOLISM 8 1 INTRODUCTION 8 2 METABOLIC PATHWAYS 8 3 ENERGY 8 4 ENZYMES