CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY: CONCEPTS AND EXPERIMENTS
CHAPTER ONE ADAPTATION TO ACUTE AND REGULAR EXERCISE: FROM REDUCTIONIST APPROACHES TO INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY CHAPTER TWO EXERCISE AND REGULATION OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM CHAPTER THREE EXERCISE AND REGULATION OF LIPID METABOLISM CHAPTER FOUR EXERCISE AND REGULATION OF PROTEIN METABOLISM CHAPTER FIVE EXERCISE AND THE REGULATION OF MITOCHONDRIAL TURNOVER CHAPTER SIX ENDURANCE EXERCISE AND THE REGULATION OF SKELETAL MUSCLE METABOLISM CHAPTER SEVEN EXERCISE AND THE REGULATION OF SKELETAL MUSCLE HYPERTROPHY CHAPTER EIGHT EXERCISE AND THE REGULATION OF ADIPOSE TISSUE METABOLISM CHAPTER NINE EXERCISE AND THE REGULATION OF HEPATIC METABOLISM CHAPTER TEN MOLECULAR MECHANISMS FOR EXERCISE TRAINING- INDUCED CHANGES IN VASCULAR STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION: SKELETAL MUSCLE, CARDIAC MUSCLE, AND THE BRAIN CONTENTS CHAPTER ELEVEN EXERCISE AND REGULATION OF BONE AND COLLAGEN TISSUE BIOLOGY CHAPTER TWELVE EXERCISE AND THE REGULATION OF ENDOCRINE HORMONES CHAPTER THIRTEEN EXERCISE AND REGULATION OF ADIPOKINE AND MYOKINE PRODUCTION CHAPTER FOURTEEN EXERCISE AND THE REGULATION OF INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES CHAPTER FIFTEEN EXERCISE AND THE REGULATION OF IMMUNE FUNCTIONS CHAPTER SIXTEEN EXERCISE REGULATION OF COGNITIVE FUNCTION AND NEUROPLASTICITY IN THE HEALTHY AND DISEASED BRAIN CHAPTER SEVENTEEN EXERCISE, AUTOPHAGY, AND APOPTOSIS CHAPTER EIGHTEEN EXERCISE AND STEM CELLS CHAPTER NINETEEN EXERCISE AND GENE EXPRESSION CHAPTER TWENTY EXERCISE, SKELETAL MUSCLE AND CIRCULATING MICRORNAS CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE EXERCISE AS A POLYPILL FOR CHRONIC DISEASES CHAPTER ONE ADAPTATION TO ACUTE AND REGULAR EXERCISE: FROM REDUCTIONIST APPROACHES TO INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 1 INTRODUCTION 2 SEDENTARY TIME, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, AND FITNESS 3 REDUCTIONISM, SYSTEMS BIOLOGY, AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 4 GENOMIC AND ENCODE FACTS: A GOLD MINE FOR EXERCISE BIOLOGY 5 ABOUT THE CONTENT OF THE VOLUME 6 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES ABSTRACT THIS CHAPTER SERVES AS AN INTRODUCTION TO THE VOLUME FOCUSED ON THE MOLECULAR AND CEL- LULAR REGULATION OF ADAPTATION TO ACUTE AND CHRONIC EXERCISE EXPOSURE IT BEGINS WITH A DEFINITION OF THE OVERALL CONTENT OF THE “SEDENS–PHYSICAL ACTIVITY–EXERCISE TRAINING– FITNESS” DOMAIN ONE CONCLUSION FROM THIS BRIEF OVERVIEW IS THAT PAST AND CURRENT STUDIES HAVE PRIMARILY DEALT WITH VERY LIMITED SUBSETS OF THE TRAITS AND PARAMETERS OF INTEREST TO EXERCISE BIOLOGISTS MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR STUDIES HAVE FOCUSED MORE ON ADAPTATION TO EXERCISE AND LESS ON VARIABLE LEVELS OF CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS EVEN THOUGH THE LATTER IS A POWERFUL INDICATOR OF CURRENT AND FUTURE HEALTH STATUS AND LONGEVITY IN THIS REGARD, MOLECULAR PROFILING OF INTRINSIC VERSUS ACQUIRED CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS WOULD SEEM TO BE AN AREA OF RESEARCH DESERVING MORE ATTENTION ALTHOUGH MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR STUDIES ARE CLEARLY REDUCTIONIST BY NATURE, THEY CONSTITUTE THE PRIMARY MATERIAL ALLOWING SYSTEMS BIOLOGY TO DRAW INFERENCES ABOUT PATHWAYS, NETWORKS, AND SYSTEMS INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY CAN BE SUBSTANTIALLY ENRICHED BY TAKING ADVANTAGE OF THE FINDINGS AND LES- SONS FROM MOLECULAR STUDIES AND SYSTEMS BIOLOGY APPROACHES DNA SEQUENCE VARIATION WITHIN AND BETWEEN POPULATIONS AS WELL AS RECENT ADVANCES IN THE DEFINITION OF THE FUNC- TIONAL ELEMENTS IN THE HUMAN AND OTHER GENOMES OFFER UNIQUE OPPORTUNITIES TO PURSUE NEW AND MORE POWERFUL MOLECULAR STUDIES, AND TO RECONCILE REDUCTIONIST AND INTEGRATIVE APPROACHES