ENZYMES
CONTENTS A BRIEF HISTORY OF ENZYMOLOGY ENZYMES IN ANTIQUITY / EARLY ENZYMOLOGY / THE DEVELOPMENT OF MECHANISTIC ENZYMOLOGY / STUDIES OF ENZYME STRUCTURE / ENZYMOLOGY TODAY / SUMMARY / REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING / CHEMICAL BONDS AND REACTIONS IN BIOCHEMISTRY ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR ORBITALS / THERMODYNAMICS OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS / ACID—BASE CHEMISTRY / NONCOVALENT INTERACTIONS IN REVERSIBLE BINDING / RATES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS / STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF ENZYMES THE AMINO ACIDS / THE PEPTIDE BOND / AMINO ACID SEQUENCE OR PRIMARY STRUCTURE / SECONDARY STRUCTURE / TERTIARY STRUCTURE / SUBUNITS AND QUATERNARY STRUCTURE / COFACTORS IN ENZYMES / PROTEIN?LIGAND BINDING EQUILIBRIA THE EQUILIBRIUM DISSOCIATION CONSTANT, K / THE KINETIC APPROACH TO EQUILIBRIUM / BINDING MEASUREMENTS AT EQUILIBRIUM / GRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF EQUILIBRIUM LIGAND BINDING DATA / EQUILIBRIUM BINDING WITH LIGAND DEPLETION (TIGHT BINDING INTERACTIONS) / COMPETITION AMONG LIGANDS FOR A COMMON BINDING SITE / EXPERIMENTAL METHODS FOR MEASURING LIGAND BINDING / KINETICS OF SINGLE-SUBSTRATE ENZYME REACTIONS THE TIME COURSE OF ENZYMATIC REACTIONS / EFFECTS OF SUBSTRATE CONCENTRATION ON VELOCITY / THE RAPID EQUILIBRIUM MODEL OF ENZYME KINETICS / THE STEADY STATE MODEL OF ENZYME KINETICS / THE SIGNI?CANCE OF K AND K / EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENT OF K AND K / OTHER LINEAR TRANSFORMATIONS OF ENZYME KINETIC DATA / MEASUREMENTS AT LOW SUBSTRATE CONCENTRATIONS / DEVIATIONS FROM HYPERBOLIC KINETICS / TRANSIENT STATE KINETIC MEASUREMENTS / CHEMICAL MECHANISMS IN ENZYME CATALYSIS SUBSTRATE—ACTIVE SITE COMPLEMENTARITY / RATE ENHANCEMENT THROUGH TRANSITION STATE STABILIZATION / CHEMICAL MECHANISMS FOR TRANSITION STATE STABILIZATION / THE SERINE PROTEASES: AN ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE / ENZYMATIC REACTION NOMENCLATURE / EXPERIMENTAL MEASURES OF ENZYME ACTIVITY INITIAL VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS / DETECTION METHODS / SEPARATION METHODS IN ENZYME ASSAYS / FACTORS AFFECTING THE VELOCITY OF ENZYMATIC REACTIONS / REPORTING ENZYME ACTIVITY DATA / ENZYME STABILITY / REVERSIBLE INHIBITORS EQUILIBRIUM TREATMENT OF REVERSIBLE INHIBITION / MODES OF REVERSIBLE INHIBITION / GRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF INHIBITOR TYPE / DOSE—RESPONSE CURVES OF ENZYME INHIBITION / MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE BINDING OF TWO INHIBITORS / STRUCTURE—ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS AND INHIBITOR DESIGN / TIGHT BINDING INHIBITORS IDENTIFYING TIGHT BINDING INHIBITION / DISTINGUISHING INHIBITOR TYPE FOR TIGHT BINDING INHIBITORS / DETERMINING K FOR TIGHT BINDING INHIBITORS / USE OF TIGHT BINDING INHIBITORS TO DETERMINE ACTIVE ENZYME CONCENTRATION / TIME-DEPENDENT INHIBITION PROGRESS CURVES FOR SLOW BINDING INHIBITORS / DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN SLOW BINDING SCHEMES / DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN MODES OF INHIBITOR INTERACTION WITH ENZYME / DETERMINING REVERSIBILITY / EXAMPLES OF SLOW BINDING ENZYME INHIBITORS / ENZYME REACTIONS WITH MULTIPLE SUBSTRATES REACTION NOMENCLATURE / BI BI REACTION MECHANISMS / DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN RANDOM AND COMPULSORY ORDERED MECHANISMS BY INHIBITION PATTERN / ISOTOPE EXCHANGE STUDIES FOR DISTINGUISHING REACTION MECHANISMS / USING THE KING—ALTMAN METHOD TO DETERMINE VELOCITY EQUATIONS / COOPERATIVITY IN ENZYME CATALYSIS HISTORIC EXAMPLES OF COOPERATIVITY AND ALLOSTERY IN PROTEINS / MODELS OF ALLOSTERIC BEHAVIOR / EFFECTS OF COOPERATIVITY ON VELOCITY CURVES / SIGMOIDAL KINETICS FOR NONALLOSTERIC ENZYMES /