THE CHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL BALANCE OF ORGANIC NATURE

By MIA JONES

CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1 OVERVIEW OF THIS BOOK 1 2 THE ECOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF INSECTS 1 3 INSECTS AS MODELS FOR THE STUDY OF ECOLOGICAL RESPONSES 1 4 INSECT EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY AND PHYLOGENETIC DIVERSITY 1 5 THEMES OF THIS BOOK 2 BASIC INSECT FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES 2 1 INSECT LIFECYCLES 2 2 THE CUTICLE 2 3 INSECT MUSCLES 2 4 INSECT RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS 2 5 INSECT CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS 2 6 METABOLIC SYSTEMS IN ACTIVE AND RESTING INSECTS, AND IN DIAPAUSE 2 7 INSECT FEEDING AND DIGESTIVE SYSTEMS 2 8 INSECT RENAL SYSTEMS 2 9 INSECT NERVOUS SYSTEM 2 10 ENERGIZING NUTRIENT AND WATER TRANSPORT ACROSS INSECT EPITHELIA 3 TEMPERATURE 3 1 DE? NING THE PROBLEM 3 2 SENSING TEMPERATURE AND CONTROL 3 3 HEAT BALANCE AND MECHANISMS OF THERMOREGULATION 3 4 THERMOTOLERANCE MECHANISMS 3 5 EVOLUTION OF THERMOREGULATION AND THERMOTOLERANCE 4 WATER 4 1 DE? NING THE PROBLEM 4 2 WHOLE-INSECT WATER BALANCE 4 3 EVOLUTION OF DESICCATION RESISTANCE IN DROSOPHILA 4 4 HORMONAL CONTROL OF WATER BALANCE 4 5 CONTROLLING WHERE WATER GOES: AQUAPORINS 4 6 INSECTS LIVING IN WATER 4 7 WHY ARE THERE NO MARINE INSECTS? 5 NUTRITION, GROWTH, AND SIZE 5 1 DE? NING THE PROBLEM 5 2 BEHAVIORAL RESPONSES TO FOOD 5 3 POST-INGESTIVE RESPONSES OF INDIVIDUAL INSECTS TO FOOD 5 4 THERMAL EFFECTS ON THE RATE AND EF? CIENCY OF FEEDING AND GROWTH 5 5 ADAPTATIONS OF FEEDING AND DIGESTIVE SYSTEMS IN POPULATIONS AND SPECIES 5 6 REGULATION OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 5 7 BODY SIZE 6 OXYGEN 6 1 DE? NING THE PROBLEM 6 2 RESPONSES TO HYPOXIA 6 3 SENSING AND RESPONDING TO HYPOXIA 6 4 LIVING AT HIGH ALTITUDES 6 5 LIVING IN WATER 7 TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS 7 1 INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 7 2 WORKING WITH INSECTS – BEHAVIOR AND PHYSIOLOGY 7 3 METABOLISM, GAS EXCHANGE, INTERNAL GASES, AIR FLOW 7 4 WATER, IONS, TRANSPORT 7 5 TEMPERATURE 7 6 CARDIAC PHYSIOLOGY 7 7 ISSUES WITH USING THE COMPARATIVE METHOD IN INSECTS 8 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 8 1 INSECTS AND ANTHROPOGENIC PERTURBATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 8 2 LIFECYCLE APPROACH 8 3 INTERACTIONS OF BEHAVIOR, PLASTICITY, AND EVOLUTION 8 4 ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY OF INSECTS FROM THE FIELD 8 5 PALEOPHYSIOLOGY 8 6 FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF SCALING 8 7 REMOTE MONITORING OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY, BEHAVIOR, AND ENVIRONMENT 8 8 HIGH-END IMAGING 8 9 INTERNATIONALIZATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL INSECT PHYSIOLOGY