COLOR ATLAS OF BIOCHEMISTRY
CONTENTS INTRODUCTION BASICS CHEMISTRY PERIODIC TABLE BONDS MOLECULAR STRUCTURE ISOMERISM BIOMOLECULES I BIOMOLECULES II CHEMICAL REACTIONS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY ENERGETICS EQUILIBRIUMS ENTHALPY AND ENTROPY REACTION KINETICS CATALYSIS WATER AS A SOLVENT HYDROPHOBIC INTERACTIONS ACIDS AND BASES REDOX PROCESSES BIOMOLECULES CARBOHYDRATES OVERVIEW CHEMISTRY OF SUGARS MONOSACCHARIDES AND DISACCHARIDES POLYSACCHARIDES: OVERVIEW PLANT POLYSACCHARIDES GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS AND GLYCOPROTEINS LIPIDS OVERVIEW FATTY ACIDS AND FATS PHOSPHOLIPIDS AND GLYCOLIPIDS ISOPRENOIDS STEROID STRUCTURE STEROIDS: OVERVIEW AMINO ACIDS CHEMISTRY AND PROPERTIES PROTEINOGENIC AMINO ACIDS NON-PROTEINOGENIC AMINO ACIDS PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS OVERVIEW PEPTIDE BONDS SECONDARY STRUCTURES STRUCTURAL PROTEINS GLOBULAR PROTEINS PROTEIN FOLDING MOLECULAR MODELS: INSULIN ISOLATION AND ANALYSIS OF PROTEINS NUCLEOTIDES AND NUCLEIC ACIDS BASES AND NUCLEOTIDES RNA DNA MOLECULAR MODELS: DNA AND RNA METABOLISM ENZYMES BASICS ENZYME CATALYSIS ENZYME KINETICS I ENZYME KINETICS II INHIBITORS LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE: STRUCTURE LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE: MECHANISM ENZYMATIC ANALYSIS COENZYMES 1 COENZYMES 2 COENZYMES 3 ACTIVATED METABOLITES METABOLIC REGULATION INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM REGULATORY MECHANISMS ALLOSTERIC REGULATION TRANSCRIPTION CONTROL HORMONAL CONTROL ENERGY METABOLISM ATP ENERGETIC COUPLING ENERGY CONSERVATION AT MEMBRANES PHOTOSYNTHESIS: LIGHT REACTIONS PHOTOSYNTHESIS: DARK REACTIONS MOLECULAR MODELS: MEMBRANE PROTEINS OXOACID DEHYDROGENASES TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE: REACTIONS TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE: FUNCTIONS RESPIRATORY CHAIN ATP SYNTHESIS REGULATION RESPIRATION AND FERMENTATION FERMENTATIONS CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM GLYCOLYSIS PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY GLUCONEOGENESIS GLYCOGEN METABOLISM DIABETES MELLITUS LIPID METABOLISM OVERVIEW FATTY ACID DEGRADATION MINOR PATHWAYS OF FATTY ACID DEGRADATION FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS BIOSYNTHESIS OF COMPLEX LIPIDS BIOSYNTHESIS OF CHOLESTEROL PROTEIN METABOLISM PROTEIN METABOLISM: OVERVIEW PROTEOLYSIS TRANSAMINATION AND DEAMINATION AMINO ACID DEGRADATION UREA CYCLE AMINO ACID BIOSYNTHESIS NUCLEOTIDE METABOLISM NUCLEOTIDE DEGRADATION PURINE AND PYRIMIDINE BIOSYNTHESIS NUCLEOTIDE BIOSYNTHESIS PORPHYRIN METABOLISM HEME BIOSYNTHESIS HEME DEGRADATION ORGANELLES BASICS STRUCTURE OF CELLS CELL FRACTIONATION CENTRIFUGATION CELL COMPONENTS AND CYTOPLASM CYTOSKELETON COMPONENTS STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS NUCLEUS MITOCHONDRIA STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS TRANSPORT SYSTEMS BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES STRUCTURE AND COMPONENTS FUNCTIONS AND COMPOSITION TRANSPORT PROCESSES TRANSPORT PROTEINS ION CHANNELS MEMBRANE RECEPTORS ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM AND GOLGI APPARATUS ER: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION PROTEIN SORTING PROTEIN SYNTHESIS AND MATURATION PROTEIN MATURATION LYSOSOMES MOLECULAR GENETICS OVERVIEW GENOME REPLICATION TRANSCRIPTION TRANSCRIPTIONAL CONTROL RNA MATURATION AMINO ACID ACTIVATION TRANSLATION I: INITIATION TRANSLATION II: ELONGATION AND TERMINATION ANTIBIOTICS MUTATION AND REPAIR GENETIC ENGINEERING DNA CLONING DNA SEQUENCING PCR AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION GENETIC ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE TISSUES AND ORGANS DIGESTION OVERVIEW DIGESTIVE SECRETIONS DIGESTIVE PROCESSES RESORPTION BLOOD COMPOSITION AND FUNCTIONS PLASMA PROTEINS LIPOPROTEINS HEMOGLOBIN GAS TRANSPORT ERYTHROCYTE METABOLISM IRON METABOLISM ACID–BASE BALANCE BLOOD CLOTTING FIBRINOLYSIS, BLOOD GROUPS IMMUNE SYSTEM IMMUNE RESPONSE T-CELL ACTIVATION COMPLEMENT SYSTEM ANTIBODIES ANTIBODY BIOSYNTHESIS MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES, IMMUNOASSAY LIVER FUNCTIONS BUFFER FUNCTION IN ORGAN METABOLISM CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM LIPID METABOLISM BILE ACIDS BIOTRANSFORMATIONS CYTOCHROME P450 SYSTEMS ETHANOL METABOLISM KIDNEY FUNCTIONS URINE FUNCTIONS IN THE ACID–BASE BALANCE ELECTROLYTE AND WATER RECYCLING RENAL HORMONES MUSCLE MUSCLE CONTRACTION CONTROL OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION MUSCLE METABOLISM I MUSCLE METABOLISM II CONNECTIVE TISSUE BONE AND TEETH CALCIUM METABOLISM COLLAGENS EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX BRAIN AND SENSORY ORGANS SIGNAL TRANSMISSION IN THE CNS RESTING POTENTIAL AND ACTION POTENTIAL NEUROTRANSMITTERS RECEPTORS FOR NEUROTRANSMITTERS METABOLISM SIGHT NUTRITION NUTRIENTS ORGANIC SUBSTANCES MINERALS AND TRACE ELEMENTS VITAMINS LIPID-SOLUBLE VITAMINS WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS I WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS II HORMONES HORMONAL SYSTEM BASICS PLASMA LEVELS AND HORMONE HIERARCHY LIPOPHILIC HORMONES METABOLISM OF STEROID HORMONES MECHANISM OF ACTION HYDROPHILIC HORMONES METABOLISM OF PEPTIDE HORMONES MECHANISMS OF ACTION SECOND MESSENGERS SIGNAL CASCADES OTHER SIGNALING SUBSTANCES EICOSANOIDS CYTOKINES GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT CELL PROLIFERATION CELL CYCLE APOPTOSIS ONCOGENES TUMORS CYTOSTATIC DRUGS VIRUSES METABOLIC CHARTS CALVIN CYCLE BIOSYNTHESIS OF FATS AND MEMBRANE LIQUIDS SYNTHESIS OF KETONE BODIES AND STEROIDS DEGRADATION OF FATS AND PHOSPHOLIPIDS BIOSYNTHESIS OF THE ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS BIOSYNTHESIS OF THE NON-ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS AMINO ACID DEGRADATION I AMINO ACID DEGRADATION II AMMONIA METABOLISM BIOSYNTHESIS OF PURINE NUCLEOTIDES BIOSYNTHESIS OF THE PYRIMIDINE NUCLEOTIDES AND C1 METABOLISM NUCLEOTIDE DEGRADATION