THE PLANETARY & STELLAR WORLDS: POPULAR EXPOSITION OF DISCOVERIES & THEORIES OF MODERN ASTRONOMY

By SARAH LOPEZ

CONTENTS ABOUT THE BOOK HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND THERE WAS LIGHT? FROM PTOLEMY TO NEWTON STARS FAR – PARALLAX STARS BRIGHT – PHOTOMETRY STAR LIGHT – SPECTROSCOPY THE QUEST TO UNDERSTAND THE FORMATION OF STARS THE RISE OF STAR FORMATION THEORY UNDERSTANDING THE SUN WHAT IS A STAR? STARS EVOLVE! THE SEARCH FOR YOUNG STARS OBSERVING STELLAR FORMATION THE CONQUEST OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM INSTRUMENTATION, FACILITIES, AND BANDPASSES STELLAR FORMATION RESEARCH FROM SPACE STUDIES OF INTERSTELLAR MATTER THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM THE STUFF BETWEEN THE STARS PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE ISM THE LOCAL ISM PHASES OF THE ISM INTERSTELLAR RADIATION FIELDS HEATING RATES COOLING PROCESSES IN THE ISM HEATING AND COOLING IN H II REGIONS INTERSTELLAR SHOCKS HEATING AND IONIZATION BY COSMIC RAYS THE ORIGINS OF COSMIC RAYS INTERSTELLAR GAS DIAGNOSTICS OF NEUTRAL HYDROGEN DISTRIBUTION OF NEUTRAL AND MOLECULAR HYDROGEN DISTRIBUTION OF IONIZED HYDROGEN DISTRIBUTION OF CO AND CO2 DIFFUSE HIGH-ENERGY EMISSIONS COLUMN DENSITIES IN THE ISM ABUNDANCE OF ELEMENTS ABSORPTION OF IR, OPTICAL, AND UV LIGHT ABSORPTION OF X-RAYS INTERSTELLAR DUST DISTRIBUTION IN THE GALAXY THE SIZE AND SHAPE OF DUST GRAINS INTERSTELLAR EXTINCTION LAWS ABSORPTION AND SCATTERING BY DUST EMISSIONS FROM DUST THE ISM IN OTHER GALAXIES OVERVIEW THE INITIAL MASS FUNCTION STAR-FORMATION RATES THE LOCAL GROUP AND BEYOND EVOLUTION WITH Z MOLECULAR CLOUDS AND CORES GLOBAL CLOUD PROPERTIES THE OBSERVATION OF CLOUDS RELATION TO H II REGIONS MOLECULAR CLOUD MASSES MAGNETIC FIELDS IN CLOUDS CLUMP MASS FUNCTIONS IR DARK CLOUDS HIGH-LATITUDE CLOUDS PHOTODISSOCIATION REGIONS GLOBULES CLOUD DYNAMICS FRAGMENTATION PRESSURE BALANCE IN MOLECULAR CLOUDS NON-ZERO MAGNETIC FIELDS TURBULENCE EFFECTS FROM ROTATION IONIZATION FRACTIONS EVAPORATION DYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF CORES CRITICAL MASS CORE DENSITIES MAGNETIC BRAKING AMBIPOLAR DIFFUSION CONCEPTS OF STELLAR COLLAPSE CLASSICAL COLLAPSE CONCEPTS INITIAL CONDITIONS AND COLLAPSE BASIC EQUATIONS STABILITY CONSIDERATIONS DYNAMICAL STABILITY DYNAMICAL INSTABILITIES OPACITY REGIONS COLLAPSE OF ROTATING AND MAGNETIZED CLOUDS COLLAPSE OF A SLOWLY ROTATING SPHERE COLLAPSE OF MAGNETIZED CLOUDS CORES, DISKS AND OUT?OWS: THE FULL SOLUTION? AMBIPOLAR DIFFUSION SHOCK TURBULENT OUT?OWS FORMATION OF PROTOSTELLAR DISKS EVOLUTION OF YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS PROTOSTELLAR EVOLUTION ACCRETION RATES MATTER FLOWS DEUTERIUM BURNING AND CONVECTION LITHIUM DEPLETION MASS–RADIUS RELATION PROTOSTELLAR LUMINOSITIES EVOLUTION IN THE HR-DIAGRAM HAYASHI TRACKS ZAMS THE BIRTHLINE PMS EVOLUTIONARY TIMESCALES HR-DIAGRAMS AND OBSERVATIONS PMS CLASSI?CATIONS CLASS 0 AND I PROTOSTARS CLASSICAL T TAURI STARS WEAK-LINED T TAURI STARS HERBIG–HARO OBJECTS FU ORIONIS STARS HERBIG AE/BE STARS MULTIPLICITY IN STAR FORMATION OBSERVATIONAL ACCOUNT BINARY FREQUENCY BINARY SEPARATION PMS PROPERTIES OF BINARIES HEN3-600 (TWA 3) DQ TAU AK SCO 1 ORI E FORMATION OF BINARIES FRAGMENTATION AND MULTIPLICITY FRAGMENTATION SUPPORT SECONDARY FRAGMENTATION MASS TRANSFER IN COMPACT BINARIES ACCRETION PHENOMENA AND MAGNETIC ACTIVITY IN YSOS ACCRETION DISKS MASS FLOW, SURFACE TEMPERATURE, AND SEDS DISK INSTABILITIES IONIZATION OF DISKS LAYERED ACCRETION FLARED DISKS AND ATMOSPHERES DISPERSAL OF DISKS PHOTOEVAPORATION OF DISKS MHD DISK WINDS AND JETS STELLAR ROTATION IN YSOS FAST OR SLOW ROTATORS? CONTRACTING TOWARDS THE MS MAGNETIC ACTIVITY IN PMS STARS MAGNETIC FIELDS IN PMS STARS FIELD CON?GURATIONS THE X-WIND MODEL FUNNELED ACCRETION STREAMS MAGNETIC RECONNECTION AND FLARES ORIGINS OF THE STELLAR FIELD MASSIVE STAR FORMATION PROPERTIES OF YOUNG MASSIVE STARS BASIC PARAMETERS STELLAR WIND PROPERTIES DISTRIBUTION OF MASSIVE STARS CLUSTERS AND ASSOCIATIONS FIELD STARS MASS BIASES AND LIMITS OBSERVATIONS OF EARLY STAGES MASSIVE DARK CLOUDS ROLE OF MASER EMISSION MASSIVE CORE MASS FUNCTIONS HOT CORES AND OUT?OWS ULTRACOMPACT H II REGIONS FORMATION CONCEPTS TURBULENT CORE MODEL FRAGMENTATION IN MASSIVE CORES MONOLITHIC CORE COLLAPSE COMPETITIVE ACCRETION IN CLUSTERS STELLAR MERGERS IMPACT OF MASSIVE OUT?OWS MULTIPLICITY THE FIRST STARS HIGH-ENERGY SIGNATURES IN YSOS THE X-RAY ACCOUNT OF YSOS DETECTION OF YOUNG STARS CORRELATIONS AND IDENTI?CATIONS LUMINOSITIES AND VARIABILITY X-RAY TEMPERATURES X-RAY FLARES ROTATION AND DYNAMOS THE SEARCH FOR BROWN DWARFS X-RAYS FROM PROTOSTARS THE SEARCH FOR PROTOSTARS MAGNETIC ACTIVITY IN PROTOSTARS X-RAY SPECTRA OF PMS STARS SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS MODELING X-RAY SPECTRA CORONAL DIAGNOSTICS CTTS VERSUS WTTS OBSERVATIONS OF X-RAY JETS X-RAYS FROM DISK FLUORESCENCE MASSIVE STARS IN YOUNG STELLAR CLUSTERS RADIATION FROM YSOS STAR-FORMING REGIONS EMBEDDED STELLAR CLUSTERS THE ACCOUNT OF ESCS FORMATION MORPHOLOGY CLUSTER MASS FUNCTIONS GENERAL CLUSTER PROPERTIES CLUSTER AGE AND HR-DIAGRAMS CLUSTER DISTRIBUTION CLUSTER EVOLUTION SUPER-CLUSTERS WELL-STUDIED STAR-FORMING REGIONS THE ORION REGION THE RHO OPHIUCHUS CLOUD IC 1396 CARINA FORMATION ON LARGE SCALES THE TAURUS–AURIGA REGION TURBULENT FILAMENTS OBSERVATIONS OF OB ASSOCIATIONS PROTO-SOLAR SYSTEMS AND THE SUN PROTOPLANETARY DISKS PROPLYDS DISKS OF DUST HAEBE DISKS THE MAKING OF THE SUN THE SUN’S ORIGINS THE SOLAR NEBULA THE T TAURI HERITAGE EVOLUTION OF THE SUN PROTOPLANETS AND EXOPLANETS THE SEARCH FOR EXOPLANETS STANDARD DETECTION METHODS THE ROSSITER–MCLAUGHLIN EFFECT DETECTION FROM GROUND DETECTION FROM SPACE THE SEARCH FOR PROTOPLANETS 1RXS J160929 1-210524B HR 8799 FOMALHAUT B PLANET FORMATION PLANETESIMALS THE SNOW LINE THE CONDENSATION SEQUENCE CORE (TERRESTRIAL) PLANETS GIANT PLANETS RESONANCES AND MIGRATION THE MAKING OF THE MOON