THE CHEMISTRY OF AGRICULTURE FOR STUDENTS AND FARMERS
CONTENTS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES TO MINIMIZE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS INTRODUCTION DEVELOPMENTS AND EMERGING TRENDS IN THE CROP PROTECTION INDUSTRY IMPROVING THE SUSTAINABILITY OF CROP PRODUCTION IMPROVED PROPERTIES OF SYNTHETIC PESTICIDES EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES ENHANCED APPLICATION TECHNOLOGIES BETTER LAND MANAGEMENT ROLE OF REGULATION IN TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF FERTILISER NUTRIENTS ON FRESHWATER THE REQUIREMENTS AND UTILISATION OF N AND P BY DI?ERENT CROPS THE LOSS, IMPACT AND MANAGEMENT OF FERTILISER N AND P FROM LAND TO WATER THE AVAILABILITY OF NUTRIENT SOURCES TO LOSS PATHWAYS OF NUTRIENT LOSS ATTENUATION PROCESSING OF N AND P IN FRESHWATERS STRATEGIES TO MITIGATE N AND P LOSSES FUTURE DIRECTIONS AND RESEARCH GAPS PESTICIDES PESTICIDES AND TERRESTRIAL WILDLIFE PESTICIDE USE AND IMPACTS ON TERRESTRIAL BIODIVERSITY: PAST AND PRESENT WILDLIFE PROTECTION GOALS IN PESTICIDE REGULATION DIRECT E?ECTS INDIRECT E?ECTS PESTICIDES AND PROTECTED SITES AND HABITATS CONCLUSION PESTICIDE RESISTANCE HERBICIDE RESISTANCE FUNGICIDE RESISTANCE INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE MANAGING RESISTANCE PESTICIDES IN WATER WHAT IS THE ISSUE? PESTICIDE MOVEMENT TO WATER REGULATORY CONTROL MITIGATION LOOKING AHEAD: DO WE HAVE ALL THE ANSWERS? AGROECOLOGY AND ORGANIC FARMING AS APPROACHES TO REDUCING THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS WHAT ARE AGROECOLOGY AND ORGANIC FARMING? AGROECOLOGY ORGANIC FARMING TYPICAL PRACTICES AND SYSTEMS WHAT ROLE DOES CHEMISTRY PLAY IN THESE APPROACHES? RESTRICTING INPUTS OR REDESIGNING SYSTEMS? PERFORMANCE OF AGROECOLOGICAL APPROACHES RELATIVE TO CONVENTIONAL INTENSIVE SYSTEMS BIODIVERSITY RESOURCE USE AND EMISSIONS PRODUCTIVITY FINANCIAL VIABILITY CONCLUSIONS CROP BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR WEED AND INSECT CONTROL GLOBAL TRENDS OF GM CROP ADOPTION HERBICIDE TOLERANCE A DRIVER FOR CHANGING AGRONOMIC PRACTICES CONSERVATION TILLAGE AGRICULTURE PEST/DISEASE RESISTANCE BT GENES AND TOXINS REDUCTION IN INSECTICIDE USE EVOLUTION OF INSECT RESISTANCE TO CRY TOXINS WHAT DOES THE FUTURE HOLD? REGULATORY HURDLES AND ASYNCHRONOUS APPROVALS WHAT IS THE FUTURE FOR CROP BIOTECHNOLOGY? AQUACULTURE AQUACULTURE – A MODERN FOOD INDUSTRY WITH A LONG HISTORY OUR SEAS AND OCEANS AS A SOURCE OF FOOD A CHANGING LANDSCAPE A LONG HISTORY THE PRESENT DAY CHALLENGES THE USE OF CHEMICALS FOR PEST/DISEASE/PARASITE CONTROL THE REQUIREMENT TO USE PESTICIDES SEA LICE TREATMENTS IN SALMON AQUACULTURE NON-SALMONID AQUACULTURE ANTI-FOULING COMPOUNDS DISINFECTANTS POTENTIAL IMPACTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND NON-TARGET SPECIES STRATEGIES TO REDUCE CHEMICAL USAGE TESTING THE PRODUCTS CHANGES TO HUSBANDRY MINIMISING INFECTION PRESSURE BY COOPERATION BETWEEN FARMS WITHIN A GEOGRAPHICALLY CONNECTED AREA BIOREMEDIATION USING NATURAL COMPOUNDS WHICH ARE ENVIRONMENTALLY BENIGN IMPROVING THE HOST’S RESISTANCE TO DISEASE NATURAL PREDATORS HORTICULTURE OVERVIEW FERTILISERS SOIL HEALTH PESTS, DISEASES AND WEEDS WATER USE AND WATER QUALITY CASE STUDIES CASE STUDY 1: CARROT PRODUCTION IN THE UK CASE STUDY 2: INTEGRATED PEST AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT (IPDM) IN APPLE ORCHARDS FUTURE PERSPECTIVES