AGRICULTURE, ITS FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES
CHAPTER INTRODUCTION TO AGRICULTURE AND ITS SYSTEM 1 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE 1 3 DEFINING AGRICULTURE 1 4 TERMINOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE 1 5 AGRICULTURE AS ART, SCIENCE, AND BUSINESS OF CROP PRODUCTION 1 6 THE ROLE OF CERTIFIED ORGANIC FOOD AND FARMING 1 7 BRANCHES OF AGRICULTURE 1 8 FARMING TYPES 1 9 MAJOR CROPS USE FOR AGRICULTURE 1 10 AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS 1 11 APPROACH USED BY FARMING SYSTEM 1 12 AGRICULTURE SYSTEM BY REGION 1 13 CONCLUSION REFERENCES SCIENCE OF AGRONOMY 2 1 INTRODUCTION 2 2 WHAT IS AGRONOMY? 2 3 HOW AGRICULTURE RESPONDS TO THE WORLD AROUND US 2 4 SCOPE OF AGRONOMY 2 5 SUB DISCIPLINES OF AGRONOMY 2 7 CONCLUSION AGRICULTURAL METEOROLOGY 3 1 INTRODUCTION 3 2 METEOROLOGY 3 3 SCALES OF METEOROLOGY 3 4 HISTORY OF METEOROLOGY 3 5 AGRICULTURAL METEOROLOGY (FIGURE 3 2) 3 6 BENEFITS OF AGRO-METEOROLOGY 3 7 METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN AGRICULTURE 3 8 CONCLUSION CONCEPTUALIZING RADIATION, TEMPERATURE, AND CLIMATE 4 1 INTRODUCTION TO RADIATION 4 2 TEMPERATURE 4 3 CLIMATE 4 4 MICROCLIMATE 4 5 SHIFT CONSUMPTION PATTERNS 4 6 IMPROVING STORED MANURE PRACTICES IN INDUSTRIALIZATION AND LIVESTOCK SYSTEM 4 7 AGRICULTURE CARBON SEQUESTRATION: A RATIONAL APPROACH 4 8 UTILIZATION OF MICROCLIMATES IN AGRICULTURE 4 9 CONCLUSION CROPPING PATTERN AND CROPPING SYSTEM 5 1 INTRODUCTION 5 2 CROPPING SYSTEM 5 3 SEQUENTIAL CROPPING SYSTEM MANAGEMENT 5 4 EFFECT OF INTENSIVE CROPPING ON SOIL PROPERTIES 5 5 CHALLENGES IN CROPPING SYSTEMS 5 6 CROPPING PATTERN 5 7 FACTORS AFFECTING CROPPING PATTERNS 5 8 CONCLUSION PLANTING GEOMETRY AND ITS EFFECT ON GROWTH AND YIELD 6 1 INTRODUCTION 6 2 METHODS OF SOWING AND TRANSPLANTING 6 3 PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN WHILE SOWING SEEDS 6 4 GERMINATION 6 5 REQUIREMENTS FOR GERMINATION 6 6 CROP STAND ESTABLISHMENT 6 7 OPTIMUM PLANT POPULATION 6 8 EQUIPMENT FOR SOWING SEEDS 6 9 TYPE OF FURROW OPENERS 6 10 PLANTER 6 11 CONCLUSION WEATHER AND WEATHER FORECASTING 7 1 INTRODUCTION 7 2 WEATHER EVENTS 7 3 WEATHER FORECASTING FOR AGRICULTURE 7 4 SUMMARY ADAPTATION DESCRIPTION 7 5 CURRENT STATUS AND UPTAKE 7 6 USEFULNESS OF WEATHER FORECASTS 7 7 WEATHER FORECASTS FOR AGRICULTURE: ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENTS 7 8 SOME UNIQUE ASPECTS OF AGRICULTURAL WEATHER FORECASTS 7 9 CHARACTERISTICS OF WEATHER FORECASTS 7 10 CONSIDERATIONS RELATED TO AGRICULTURAL WEATHER FORECASTS 7 11 WEATHER AND CROPS 7 12 WEATHER AND FARMERS 7 13 REAL-TIME WEATHER AND CLIMATE INFORMATION ‘PRODUCTS’ FOR FARMERS 7 14 ENGAGING WITH FARMERS: THE VALUE OF A PARTICIPATIVE APPROACH 7 15 INTEGRATED SYSTEMS APPROACHES TO APPLICATION OF CLIMATE AND WEATHER INFORMATION 7 16 LINKING CLIMATE AND METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION TO FARMER ACTION 7 17 DISSEMINATION OF CLIMATE AND WEATHER FORECASTS AND INFORMATION TO FARMERS 7 18 FARMERS’ NEEDS FOR DECISION-SYSTEMS RELATED TO CLIMATE CHANGE 7 19 CONCLUSIONS CLIMATE CHANGE AND IMPACT ON AGRICULTURE 8 1 INTRODUCTION 8 2 CLIMATE CHANGE AND ADAPTATION 8 3 CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE 8 4 WARMING, CLIMATE CHANGES AND IMPACTS 8 5 CLIMATE CHANGE AND AGRICULTURE 8 6 IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON AGRICULTURE 8 7 HOW WE CAN USE AGRICULTURE TO FIGHT CLIMATE CHANGE 8 8 CONCLUSION