AN INTRODUCTION TO AGRICULTURE
CHAPTER INTRODUCTION ETHNOBOTANY 1 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 WHAT IS ETHNOBOTANICAL LORE? 1 3 HISTORICAL ROOTS OF ETHNOBOTANY 1 4 FRESH ETHNOBOTANY 1 5 TOOLS USED IN ETHNOBOTANY 1 6 PLANTS THAT MADE HISTORY 1 7 ETHICS IN ETHNOBOTANICAL RESEARCH 1 8 WHY IS ETHNOBOTANY RELEVANT? 1 9 CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS OF ETHNOBOTANY MODERN ETHNOBOTANY 2 1 INTRODUCTION 2 2 HISTORY BEHIND EVOLUTION OF MODERN ETHNOBOTANY 2 3 RELEVANCE OF MODERN ETHNOBOTANY TO THE CURRENT SOCIETY 2 4 SCOPE OF MODERN ETHNOBOTANY 2 5 TOOLS AND METHODS USED IN MODERN ETHNOBOTANY 2 6 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND DESIGN 2 7 USES OF MODERN ETHNOBOTANY 2 8 CONTEMPORARY EXAMPLES 2 9 SIGNIFICANCE OF ETHNOBOTANY IN THE MODERN WORLD 2 10 CHALLENGES FACING MODERN ETHNOBOTANY BRANCHES OF ETHNOBOTANY 3 1 INTRODUCTION 3 2 ETHNOBRYOLOGY 3 4 ETHNODIETETICS 3 5 ETHNOECOLOGY 3 6 ETHNOGASTROLOGY 3 7 ETHNOGYNAECOLOGY 3 8 ETHNOHORTICULTURE 3 9 ETHNOMEDICINE 3 10 ETHNOMEDICOBOTANY 3 11 ETHNOMUSICOLOGY 3 12 ETHNONARCOTICS 3 13 ETHNOOPHTHALMOLOGY 3 14 ETHNORTHOPAEDICS 3 15 ETHNOPAEDIATRICS 3 16 ETHNOPALEOBOTANY 3 17 ETHNOPHARMACY 3 18 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 3 19 ETHNOTOXICOLOGY 3 20 ETHNOZOOLOGY HOW HAVE PLANTS INFLUENCED HUMAN CULTURE 4 1 INTRODUCTION 4 2 MEDICINE 4 3 HOW HAVE PLANTS INFLUENCED THE FOOD CULTURE OF AFRICA? 4 4 HOW HAVE PLANTS INFLUENCED THE CLOTHING CULTURE OF PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD? 4 5 HOW HAVE PLANTS GENERALLY INFLUENCED THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN CULTURE? NAMING AND CATEGORIZATION OF PLANTS BY MEMBERS OF LANGUAGE COMMUNITIES 5 1 INTRODUCTION 5 2 HOW THE EASTERN BAND OF CHEROKEE INDIANS NAMED AND CLASSIFIED PLANTS 5 3 HOW THE IKPÁNA FROM GHANA TOGO MOUNTAIN NAMED AND CLASSIFIED PLANTS 5 4 HOW THE EIPO FROM THE EIPOMEK VALLEY NAME AND CLASSIFY PLANTS 5 5 HOW THE LOCAL MONGOLIAN FOLK IN CHINA NAME AND CLASSIFY PLANTS 5 6 SPECIAL PLANT FOLK NAME CHARACTERISTICS IN THIS NOMENCLATURE 5 7 PLANT NAMING AND CLASSIFICATION IN BULGARIAN TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE PLANTS IN RELIGION AND RITUAL PRACTICES 6 1 INTRODUCTION 6 2 CANNABIS 6 3 THE AFRICAN DREAM ROOT 6 4 THE PEYOTE PLANT 6 5 THE SAN PEDRO CACTUS 6 6 THE HENBANE PLANT 6 7 MUSHROOMS 6 8 SALVIA DIVINORUM 6 9 TOBACCO 6 10 THE BLUE LILY 6 11 AYAHUASCA 6 12 AFRICAN RUE OR SYRIAN RUE 6 13 JUREMA 6 14 THE JIMSON WEED 6 15 THE MORNING GLORY SEEDS 6 16 THE KAVA 6 17 THE YOPO 6 18 IBOGAINE 6 19 THE LOTUS FLOWER 6 20 THE MISTLETOE 6 21 BASIL 6 22 YEW TREE 6 23 THE BODHI TREE 6 24 WHY ARE MOST RELIGIOUS AND RITUALISTIC PLANTS PSYCHOACTIVE CONSERVATION OF ETHNOBOTANICAL RESOURCES 7 1 INTRODUCTION 7 2 IMPORTANCE OF ETHNOBOTANICAL RESOURCES 7 3 REASONS FOR CONSERVATION OF ETHNOBOTANICAL RESOURCES 7 4 CONSERVATION OF PLANT BIODIVERSITY 7 5 GOVERNMENT AND CONSERVATION OF ENDANGERED PLANT SPECIES 7 6 CONSERVATION OF PLANT DIVERSITY IN THE FIELD OF MEDICINE THROUGH USE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 7 7 CONSERVATION OF PLANT BIODIVERSITY IN AGRICULTURE 7 8 CONSERVATION OF INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE 7 9 CONSERVATION OF ETHNOBOTANICAL RESOURCES THROUGH CHAMPIONING FOR BETTER ENVIRONMENT INCORPORATION OF TRADITIONAL MEDICINE AND ORTHODOX MEDICINE 8 1 INTRODUCTION 8 2 TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 8 3 USE OF TRADITIONAL HERBAL MEDICINES IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES 8 4 RELATING TRADITIONAL AND ORTHODOX MEDICINE IN HEALTH CARE 8 5 PERSPECTIVES ON INTEGRATION OF TRADITIONAL AND MODERN SCIENTIFIC CLINICAL SYSTEMS CURRENT ISSUES EMERGING FROM ETHNOBOTANICAL RESEARCH 9 1 INTRODUCTION 9 2 CURRENT AND EMERGING ISSUES IN ETHNOBOTANICAL RESEARCH CHAPTER 10 THE FUTURE OF ETHNOBOTANY 10 1 INTRODUCTION 10 2 THE FUTURE PERSPECTIVE OF ETHNOBOTANY AND MEDICINES MADE FROM HERBS AS WELL AS THE PROBLEMS THAT ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE TWO 10 3 THE ROLE OF MEDICINAL PLANTS AS WELL AS AROMATIC PLANTS IN FUTURE 10 4 THE FUTURE PROMISE OF ETHNOBOTANY AND ITS APPLICATION IN NIGERIA 10 5 THE FUTURE OF PHARMACOLOGY WHICH IS A BRANCH OF ETHNO BOTANY 10 6 THE RESEARCH PHASES OF FUTURE ETHNOBOTANY WITH REFERENCE TO THE MEDICINAL PLANTS OF SOUTH AMERICA REFERENCES