FLIGHT PHYSICS

By I. FINAR

CONTENTS HISTORY OF AVIATION INTRODUCTION EARLY HISTORY AND THE INVENTION OF BALLOONING THE PERIOD BETWEEN 1799 AND 1870 THE DECADES BETWEEN 1870 AND 1890 FROM 1890 UNTIL THE WRIGHT FLYER III EUROPEAN AVIATION BETWEEN 1906 AND 1918 AVIATION BETWEEN THE WORLD WARS DEVELOPMENT AFTER 1940 BIBLIOGRAPHY INTRODUCTION TO ATMOSPHERIC FLIGHT FLYING – HOW IS THAT POSSIBLE? STATIC AND DYNAMIC AVIATION FORCES ON THE AEROPLANE LIFT, DRAG AND THRUST PROPERTIES OF AIR THE EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE THE STANDARD ATMOSPHERE ATMOSPHERIC ?IGHT LOW-SPEED AERODYNAMICS SPEED DOMAINS AND COMPRESSIBILITY BASIC CONCEPTS EQUATIONS FOR STEADY ?OW VISCOUS ?OWS THE BOUNDARY LAYER FLOW SEPARATION AND DRAG SHAPE AND SCALE EFFECTS ON DRAG LIFT AND DRAG AT LOW SPEEDS FUNCTION AND SHAPE OF AEROPLANE WINGS AEROFOIL SECTIONS CIRCULATION AND LIFT AEROFOIL SECTION PROPERTIES WING GEOMETRY HIGH-ASPECT RATIO STRAIGHT WINGS LOW-ASPECT RATIO WINGS THE WHOLE AIRCRAFT AIRCRAFT ENGINES AND PROPULSION HISTORY OF ENGINE DEVELOPMENT FUNDAMENTALS OF REACTION PROPULSION ENGINE EF?CIENCY AND FUEL CONSUMPTION PISTON ENGINES IN AVIATION GAS TURBINE ENGINE COMPONENTS NON-REHEATED TURBOJET AND TURBOFAN ENGINES TURBOPROP AND TURBOSHAFT ENGINES GAS TURBINE ENGINE OPERATION PROPELLER PERFORMANCE AEROPLANE PERFORMANCE AIRSPEED AND ALTITUDE EQUATIONS OF MOTION FOR SYMMETRIC ?IGHT STEADY STRAIGHT AND LEVEL ?IGHT CLIMB AND DESCENT GLIDING ?IGHT CRUISING ?IGHT TAKE-OFF AND LANDING HORIZONTAL STEADY TURN 6 10 MANOEUVRE AND GUST LOADS STABILITY AND CONTROL FLYING QUALITIES ELEMENTARY CONCEPTS AND DE?NITIONS TAIL SURFACES AND ?IGHT CONTROL PITCHING MOMENT OF AEROFOILS STATIC LONGITUDINAL STABILITY DYNAMIC LONGITUDINAL STABILITY LONGITUDINAL CONTROL STATIC LATERAL STABILITY DYNAMIC LATERAL STABILITY 7 10 LATERAL CONTROL 7 11 STALLING AND SPINNING HELICOPTER FLIGHT MECHANICS HELICOPTER GENERAL ARRANGEMENTS HOVERING ?IGHT THE ROTOR IN LEVEL ?IGHT FLIGHT PERFORMANCE STABILITY AND CONTROL HIGH-SPEED FLIGHT COMPLICATIONS DUE TO THE COMPRESSIBILITY OF AIR COMPRESSIBLE ?OW RELATIONSHIPS SPEED OF SOUND AND MACH NUMBER FLOW IN A CHANNEL SHOCK WAVES AND EXPANSION ?OWS HIGH-SUBSONIC SPEED TRANSONIC SPEED SUPERSONIC SPEED SUPERSONIC PROPULSION 9 10 PERFORMANCE AND OPERATION